Math Section1 Flashcards
What is probability?
the likelihood that an outcome will occur
What is the probability the Sun will rise in the West tomorrow?
0%, the Sun always rises in the East
What is the probability the Sun will set in the West?
100%, the Sun always sets in the West
What is the probability the Sun will rise in the East?
100%, the Sun always rises in the East
What is the probability the Sun will set in the East?
0%, the Sun always sets in the West
What is an impossible probability?
a probability of 0, something that is impossible.
What is the probability of something that is guaranteed?
100%.
What is the probability of something that is equally likely as unlikely?
50%
What is the favorable outcome?
the outcome we are trying to predict the probability of
What is the formula for probability?
P = number of times favorable event occurs/total number of times any event occurs
How many outcomes can occur when flipping a coin?
2
How many outcomes can occur when rolling a number cube? (A number cube = dice)
6
How many outcomes can occur on a standard deck of cards?
52
How many diamonds are in a standard deck of cards?
13
How many spades are in a standard deck of cards?
13
How many clubs are in a standard deck of cards?
13
How many hearts are in a standard deck of cards?
13
What are the 4 suits in a standard deck of cards?
hearts, clubs, diamonds, and spades
What are the 2 colors used in a standard deck of cards?
red and black
How many of each number are in a standard deck of cards?
4 each, 1 for each suit
What is the Theoretical Model of Probability? (theoretical probability)
the probability in theory
What is Experimental Probability?
data collected when outcomes are recorded in an experiment, favorable outcomes/number of trials
What is the formula for the Theoretical Model of Probability?
favorable outcomes/total outcomes
What is the formula for Experimental Probability?
favorable outcomes produced/number of trials
If the favorable event is A, what is its complement?
A’, or A prime
What is the complement of a favorable event?
when the favorable event does not happen
P(A) + P(A’) = _
1
What are independent events?
events that are unrelated, the outcome of P(A) doesn’t affect P(B)
What is the formula for independent events?
P(A ∩ B) = P(A) * P(B)
What are dependent events?
events where the second event is dependent on the first
What is the formula for dependent events?
P(A ∩ B) = P(A) * P(B|A)
What are mutually exclusive events?
events that can’t occur at the same time
What is the formula for mutually exclusive events?
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)
P(A ∩ B) = 0 when events are ____________ _________________.
mutually exclusive
What is a permutation?
the ordered arrangement of elements in a set
What is the fundamental counting principle?
if one event can occur m ways and another can occur in n ways, then the number of ways both can occur is m*n
What is a factorial represented by?
!
What does a factorial mean?
the product of all whole numbers starting from the number to the left of the factorial down to 1
What is the permutations formula?
nPr = n!/(n-r)!
What is the combinations formula?
nCr = n!/(n-r)! * r!
