FA Section IV Flashcards
The segment of _________________ art within the larger history of environmental art has a strong tradition of documentation of polluted landscapes and communities.
environmentalist
When was the Documerica Project? (decade)
the 1970s
What organization created the Documerica Project?
the EPA
What does the EPA stand for?
Environmental Protection Agency
How many photographs did the Documerica Project produce?
over 20,000
Photographs of what were taken in the Documerica Project?
American pollution, infrastructure and wilderness
Where was Eugene Smith’s 3-year project to take photos?
Minamata, Japan
What did Eugene Smith do in Minimata Japan?
he photographed the effects of mercury poisoning from a local factory
What does Chris Jordan take photographs of in his series “Midway”?
plastic in dead, decaying birds
Who created “Midway”?
Chris Jordan
Who made “New Landscapes”?
Yao Lu
What does Yao Lu’s “New Landscapes” depict?
garbage with green netting photographed to make it appear like the landscapes of traditional Chinese scroll paintings
What does Edward Burtynsky take pictures of?
colorful images of polluted rivers and waste from industrial mining known as toxic sublime
What is sublime?
an overwhelming sense of awe at the magnificence of something can be felt but not fully understood
In photography, what effect does toxic sublime have?
it can make extreme appearances of pollution look nice and beautiful
Who made “Wheatfield”?
Agnes Denes
Where was Agnes Denes born?
Hungary
Where was Agnes Denes raised?
the US
Where is Agnes Denes’ practice based?
NYC
Denes, alongside the Harrisons, was one of the first artists to do what?
articulate an explicitly ecological direction for art in the postwar decades
When was “Rice/Tree/Burial” made?
1968
What did Denes describe “Rice/Tree/Burial” as?
a manifesto
What is a manifesto?
a work that sets out an agenda for radical change
Where was “Rice/Tree/Burial” initially carried out?
Sullivan County, NY
What was the rice in “Rice/Tree/Burial”?
rice Denes planted as a gesture and means to sustain life
Why did Denes plant rice in “Rice/Tree/Burial”?
as a gesture and a means to sustain life
What was the tree in “Rice/Tree/Burial”?
a group of trees chained together by Denes to create a zig-zag pattern
What did the trees in “Rice/Tree/Burial” symbolize?
human damage and interference with the natural world
What was the burial in “Rice/Tree/Burial”?
the burying of a haiku Denes had written
Nearly a decade after her original creation, where was Denes asked to “Rice/Tree/Burial” again?
Artpark in Lewiston, NY
In the second iteration of “Rice/Tree/Burial”, how big was the field of rice Denes planted?
half an acre
In the second iteration of “Rice/Tree/Burial”, what affected the growth of the field of rice?
contaminants in the soil, which led to mutations in the rice
Where did the contaminants in Artpark’s soil originate?
Love Canal, which was very close to Artpark
What river is Love Canal nearby?
the Niagara River
What company dumped their toxic waste at Love Canal?
the Hooker Chemical Company
When did the Hooker Chemical Company dump its toxins in Love Canal?
the mid-20th century
How many tons of toxins were dumped at Love Canal by the Hooker Chemical Company?
21,000 tons
What is the current name of the Hooker Chemical Company?
the Occidental Petroleum Company
In the second iteration of “Rice/Tree/Burial”, what did Denes bury?
a time capsule
The time capsule in the second iteration of “Rice/Tree/Burial” should not be opened until when?
2979
In the second iteration of “Rice/Tree/Burial”, what was the 4th element added?
filming the Niagara Falls for seven days
What was Denes’ next project after “Rice/Tree/Burial”?
“Wheatfield”
Where was “Wheatfield”?
in Lower Manhattan where Battery Park Landfill used to be
How much is the land in “Wheatfield” worth?
$4.5 billion
When did Denes harvest the crop in “Wheatfield”?
August of 1982
What did “Wheatfield” represent?
food, energy, commerce, world trade, and economics
What did “Wheatfield” refer to?
mismanagement, waste, world hunger, and ecological concerns
How many cities did the wheat from “Wheatfield” travel to?
28
What exhibition did harvested wheat from “Wheatfield” travel to?
“The International Art Show for the End of World Hunger”
How does “Wheatfield” show juxtaposition?
Denes is seen in a field of wheat while a city is viewed in the background
After Denes created “Wheatfield”, what project did she conceive that was her most ambitious?
“Tree Mountain”
When was “Tree Mountain” conceived?
1982
What did Denes propose for “Tree Mountain”?
a pattern of 10,000 trees planted by 10,000 people in a geometrical spiral
Who sponsored “Tree Mountain”?
the Finland government
Where did the Finland government announce it was going to sponsor “Tree Mountain”?
the 1992 Earth Summit at Rio de Janeiro
How many trees by how many people were actually planted in “Tree Mountain”?
11,000 trees by 11,000 people
What interesting proviso did Denes leave?
the person who planted a tree had ownership of that tree for 400 years
Noah Purifoy was the ______th of _______ children?
12th of 13 children
What places did Noah Purifoy live and work for most of his life?
LA and Joshua Tree, CA
What did Purifoy begin his art career with?
design objects, like stereo cabinets, beds, and wall decorations
Why did Purifoy, along with many other Black artists, begin his art career with design objects?
many art galleries were not open to featuring Black artists
What building did Noah Purifoy co-found in 1964?
the Watts Towers Arts Center
What was the Watts Towers Arts Center named after?
the artwork in the LA neighborhood of Watts by Simon Rodia
Who made “66 Signs of Neon”?
Noah Purifoy
What was “66 Signs of Neon”?
a traveling exhibition that featured junk art sculptures
What did “66 Signs of Neon” arise as a result of?
the August 1965 Watts Rebellion
The LA neighborhood of Watts is predominantly of what race?
African-American
What was the 1965 Watts Rebellion?
a period of 6 days where the community of Watts took to the streets against discriminatory police violence
The 1965 Watts Rebellion was how long?
6 days
How many deaths did the 1965 Watts Rebellion result in?
34 deaths
How many injuries did the 1965 Watts Rebellion result in?
over 1,000
How many buildings were damaged in the 1965 Watts Rebellion?
1,000
How many arrests did the 1965 Watts Rebellion result in?
4,000
In the aftermath of the 1965 Watts Rebellion, who did Purifoy work with to organize an exhibition made from the refuse?
Judson Powell
In 1966, Purifoy left his position at the Watts Towers Arts Center to do what?
teach at California colleges and universities
What did the Artists in Social Institutions program do?
it brought art into California’s state prison system
Where did Purifoy move to in 1989?
Joshua Tree, CA
When did Purifoy move to Joshua Tree, CA?
1989
What desert is Joshua Tree, CA located in?
the Mojave Desert
How long did Purifoy make artworks in Joshua Tree, CA?
15 years
What are the sculptures outside of Purifoy’s home at Joshua Tree, CA called?
the Noah Purifoy Outdoor Desert Art Museum
When Purifoy moved to Joshua Tree, CA, he committed to a life in __________.
poverty
When was “Offshore Drilling” made?
1995
What is “Offshore Drilling”?
a complex tangle of rusted scrap metal that is bolted and fastened together
What type of artwork is “Offshore Drilling”?
abstract art
This 1969 oil spill was off the coast of which California city?
Santa Barbara
“Offshore Drilling” poses questions to its viewers about what?
poverty, oil extraction, and toxicity
Oil extraction disproportionately benefits what communities?
wealthy communities
Oil extraction does what to poor communities?
it pollutes and disrupts them
What sculpture is “Offshore Drilling” right next to?
“Ode to Frank Gehry”
When was “Ode to Frank Gehry” made?
2000
What color is “Ode to Frank Gehry”?
white
What is “Ode to Frank Gehry” suspended on?
poles
Who is “Ode to Frank Gehry” named after?
Gehry Guggenheim
Who is Gehry Guggenheim?
a prominent LA architect whose buildings define the image of cities
Where does Gehry make his buildings?
all over the world
Where is Gehry Guggenheim Museum?
Bilbao, Spain
What is the Gehry Guggenheim Museum fashioned in?
distinctive titanium panels
Who made “Caribou Migration I”?
Subhankar Banerjee
When was “Caribou Migration I” made?
2002
What did Banerjee study in India?
electrical engineering
When did Banerjee move to the US?
1990
When Banerjee wanted to witness animals in a wild landscape, what did he do?
he quit his job at Boeing, cashed out his life savings, and traveled to ANWR
What does ANWR stand for?
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
When was ANWR established?
1960
How many acres of land does ANWR cover?
20 million
What part of ANWR didn’t have as much protection?
the small strip along the Beaufort Sea
Did President George W. Bush support drilling in the Arctic?
Yes
What Alaska senator advocated for drilling in the Arctic?
Senator Frank Murkowski
What party in particular advocates for drilling in the Arctic?
the Republican Party
During his time in ANWR, Banerjee published his photographs in what book?
“Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: Seasons of Life and Land”
The book “Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: Seasons of Life and Land” caught the attention of what museum?
the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
When did the Smithsonian display Banerjee’s arctic photographs?
Spring of 2003
In a debate about drilling in the Arctic, which senator used Banerjee’s book to advocate against drilling?
Senator Barbara Boxer
What did Banerjee’s book show about the Arctic?
it shows the amount of life there and how fragile it is
Advocates for drilling in the Arctic are focused on what?
economic gains
What remarks did pro-drilling advocates make about the wildlife in the Arctic?
they said it was empty and lifeless
How did Senator Frank Murkowski emphasize the Arctic was lifeless?
by holding up a blank white poster next to it
What US senator issued an amendment to block drilling in ANWR?
Senator Barbara Boxer
Senator Boxer’s amendment to block drilling in ANWR passed with how many votes?
52-48
On August 17, 2020, what did the Department of the Interior do?
it opened up 1.5 million acres of ANWR to the oil and gas industry
What department opened up 1.5 million acres of ANWR in 2020?
the Department of the Interior
What president issued an executive order to place a moratorium on drilling in ANWR?
President Joe Biden
When in his term did President Joe Biden block drilling in ANWR through an executive order?
his 1st day
What is depicted in “Caribou Migration I”?
a herd of caribou crossing a landscape of ice and white snow
What animal do the Indigenous Gwich’in rely on?
caribou
How did the Indigenous Gwich’in react to the blocking of drilling in ANWR by President Joe Biden?
they were very happy
According to their chief, the work of the Indigenous Gwich’in will not stop until when?
their lands are permanently protected through legislation
Where was Vik Muniz born?
Sao Paulo, Brazil
Where has Vik Muniz’s practice been based?
NYC and Rio de Janeiro
What is Muniz best known for doing?
recreating famous photographs and artworks using unexpected materials
When was the “Double Mona Lisa” made?
1999
“Double Mona Lisa” is a recreation of what painting?
the “Mona Lisa” by Leonardo da Vinci
When was the “Mona Lisa” made?
1503
What materials did Muniz use for the “Double Mona Lisa”?
peanut butter and jelly
How did Muniz arrange the peanut butter and jelly in “Double Mona Lisa”?
he put peanut butter on the right side and jelly on the left side
What series is “Double Mona Lisa” part of?
“Little Warhol”
What material does “Action Photo, after Hans Namuth” use?
chocolate syrup
What does “Action Photo” refashion?
an iconic documentary photograph by Hans Namuth in 1950
What series in the early days of Muniz’s career forcefully developed his role of memory?
“The Best of Life”
What did Muniz do in the “The Best of Life” series?
he would sketch famous photos used in the Life magazine from memory
What series is “Marat (Sebastiao)” part of?
“Pictures of Garbage”
The “Pictures of Garbage” series poses similar questions as what other series by Muniz?
“Best of Life”
In 2008, Muniz began a collaboration with whom for his series “Pictures of Garbage”?
garbage pickers in Jardim Gramacho
Where is Jardim Gramacho?
near Rio de Janeiro
What is Jardim Gramacho?
a large landfill near Rio de Janeiro
What did the series “Pictures of Garbage” involve?
photographing garbage pickers in the poses of famous artworks using trash from the dump
Muniz’s process used to make the photographs in “Pictures of Garbage” documented in which film?
“Waste Land” by Lucy Walker
Who made “Waste Land”?
Lucy Walker
When was “Waste Land” released widely?
2010
According to the New York Times, what is the reason Brazil reclaims a huge percentage of its trash?
the catadores, who take any trash they can use
Who are catadores?
impoverished garbage pickers
What is the name of the catadore depicted in “Marat (Sebastiao)”?
Tiao Santos
In “Marat (Sebastiao)”, Santos is posing in the way depicted in what famous painting?
“Death of Marat”
What does “Death of Marat” depict?
the murder of Jean-Paul Marat in his bathtub
When was “Death of Marat” made?
1793
Who made “Death of Marat”?
Jacques-Louis David
When the works in “Pictures of Garbage” were sold, who did Muniz give a percentage of the profit to?
the catadores in Brazil
Why is Muniz trying to step away from the realm of fine arts?
because it is a very exclusive, yet restrictive, place to be
Does Brazil have a lot of recycling centers?
No
