Maternal, Infant and Child Health Flashcards
Define Maternal, Infant, and Child Health
The health of women of childbearing age & that of the child up to adolescence
Why is the health of maternal infants and children important?
The stats are regarded as important indicators of the effectiveness of disease prevention and health promotion services, and risk factors specified can be reduced or prevented with early intervention of educational programs and preventative med services for women, infants, and children
Do disparities exist?
Yes between white and black people, income, culture, etc.
What is the first step in ensuring health children?
Recognizing that children face other concerns that can put them at risk for poor health. Called new morbidities
Examples of new morbidities
social/family environments, behaviors, economic security, and education
Modern Family Definition
2+ persons who are joined together by bonds of sharing and emotional closeness & who identify themselves as being part of a family
Why has cohabitation increased today?
Changes in societal norms and because couples don’t wish to get married
Why has the percentage of unmarried women risen today?
Due to increase cohabitatio, delays in childbearing, & changes in societal norm
What are some adverse consequences of teen births?
more likely poor birth outcomes (lbw+premature birth), more likely drop out of high school, more reliant on public assistance, more likely to live in poverty, daughters more likely to become teen moms, & sons more likely to end up imprisoned
What is family planning?
determining the preferred number & spacing of children + choosing the appropriate means to accomplish it
What does family planning provide?
provides screenings, preconceptual care, contraceptives, counseling, & further education
What does family planning prevent and define it?
unintentional pregnancy = a pregnancy that at the time of conception is either mistimed (the women did not want to be pregnant until later)/unwanted (the women did not want to be pregnant at any time)
What is Title x?
a portion of the Public Health Services Act of 1970 that provides funding for family planning for low income ppl via state health dep. /regional agencies that subcontract w/ local agencies & clinics
What is the rule called that limits Family planning clinics that are recieving family funds and what is it?
gag rule = regulations that barred physicians and nurses in clinics receiving fed. funds from counseling clients about abortion
An example of a family planning organization?
planned parenthood federation of america
Who is Mary Sanger
women who was originally a maternity nurse, advocated for birth control
What did Mary Sanger declare/ believe in?
women had the right to experience sexual pleasure & that freeing them from the fear of pregnancy would assist women in achieving this
What did Mary Sanger due to promote the cause?
wrote articles about sex ed, birth control rights, and women’s health despite
eventually went on to found national birth control league and start birth control movement
Why was Mary Sanger arrested?
The movement she did was not very popular and was not something openly discussed about.
(not sure if this is the right answer)
Planned Parenthood Federation of America
the largest voluntary reproductive health org. in the nation
national birth control league merged with family planning clinics
Roe v. Wade
supreme court decision that made it unconstitutional for state laws to prohibit abortions in the first trimester for any reason & placed restrictions on the conditions under which states could regulate them in the second & third trimester
Why was the Roe v. Wade case important?
it gave women constitutional protection & right in the first term
Define Pro-life and what does this side believe in?
a medical/ethical position that holds that performing an abortion is an act of murder
life begins at conception
Define Pro-choice and what does this side believe in?
a medical/ethical position that holds that women have a right to reproductive freedom without gov. interference
Preconception Health care
medical care provided to a women of reproductive age to promote health prior to conception
there can be individulaized care for men and women
Why is preconception health care important?
reduce maternal/fetal illness+mortality, increase success of conception, & provide contraceptive ed
Prenatal health care
medical care provided to a pregnant women from the time of conception until the birth process occurs
What does Prenatal health care services provide?
Tests to assess potential risks
Treat any maternal or fetal pregnancy complications
track growth and development of the mother and child
WHat are the leading causes of infant mortality?
congenital malfunctions, preterm birth/low birth weight, sids, problems related to pregnancy, & accidents
neonatal mortality
death in 1st 28 days
Postneotal mortality
death 28-365 days after birth
Premature birth
born prior to 37 weeks of gestation
Why are premature babies and low birth weight babies a challenge for the community?
they’re an economic burden (use of neonatal intensive care, maternal care services, early intervention services, special education, & lost labor productivity)
What are some risk factors for a premature birth?
inductions, woman’s past history if preterm delivery, multiple fetuses, late/no prenatal care, cigarette smoking, drinking alcohol, using illegal drugs, exposure to domestic violence, lack of social support, low income, diabetes, anemia, high blood pressure, obesity, being <17+35<
Low birth weight infant (number)
Less than 5.5 lbs
What are 2 major causes of low brith weight infant?
premature birth & intrauterine growth rate
What is cigarette smoking related with?
preterm deliveries, preterm-related deaths, and sudden infant death syndrome
fetal alcohol syndrome
a group of abnormalities that may include growth retardation, abnormal appearance of face+head, & deficits of central nervous system function, including mental retardation, in babies born to mothers who’ve consumed heavy amounts of alcohol during their pregnancies
other drugs can have a equally harmful impacts on infant/fetus
What breastfeeding advantages for infants?
receive substance in milk that helps resist. infection/other disease
What are breastfeeding advantages for mothers?
reduces post partum bleeding, earlier return to prepregnancy weight, & reduces risk of osteoporosis
sudden infant death syndrome
udden unanticipated death of an infant in whom, after examination, there is no recognized cause of death
What is the greatest risk for sudeen infant death syndrome?
sleeping on side/ stomach
should only sleep on back
What are the leading causes of child hood mortality?
unintentional injuries, particularly those caused by motor vehicle accidents
Leading causes of mortality for ages 1-4?
unintentional injury, congenital malformations, cancer, homicide
Leading causes of mortality for ages 5-9?
unintentional injury, cancer, congenital malformations, homicide
Leading causes of mortality for ages 10-14?
unintentional injury, cancer, suicide, homicide
What is the leading cause of child injury?
drowning, falls, fires/burns, poisoning, suffocation, & injuries related to transportation
Toddler- drowing
Older children: trasnportation related injury
Child abuse forms
physical (hitting the child), sexual, neglect (leaving alone), abandonment (leaving home alone for long periods of time), emotional (not supporting child/constantly putting them down, unrealistic expectations), threats to harm the child, and exploitation (child labor)
What is the impact of child abuse on a child?
victim may need therapy & carry into their adulthood, also develop trust issues
Are vaccines important for children?
Yes
categorical programs
programs available only to ppl who can be categorized into a grp based on specific variables
Title V
only fed. legislation dedicated to promoting/improving the health of our nation’s mothers & children
Women, Infants, and Children Program
a clinic-based program designed to provide a variety of nutritional and health-related goods and services to pregnant, postpartum, and breastfeeding women, infants, and children under 5
What type of organization is Children’s Defense Fund?
Private, non-profit
What type of organization is United Nations Children’s Fund?
children-exclusive organization
What is the mission of American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)?
Attainment of optimal physical, mental, and social health and well being for all infants, children, adolescents, and young adults
American Academy of Pediatrics Activities
Research
Youth advocacy
Public/professional education
How are teen pregnancies a burden for mother?
Social and financial burden, more likely to result in serious health consequences, not finish school/get married
How are teen pregnancies a burden for infant?
More likely to result in serious health consequences, premature, LBW, and die during first year of life
How are teen pregnancies a burden for community?
Live on public assistance, live in poverty, increased healthcare costs
What is the mission of Children’s Defense Funds?
Advocate and provide for poor, minority, and handicapped children and their families
Encourage preventative investment in children before sickness
What is the mission of united Nation’s Children’s Funds?
Works with other UN members and underdeveloped countries
Community-based service in primary healthcare
Basic education
Safe water and sanitation
