Chapter 8: Adolescents, Young Adults and Adults Flashcards
How does public health break down the age groups of adolescents versus young adults?
10-24 year old age range
10-19 adolescents
19-24 young adults
Why are the years 10-64 considered the most productive years of one’s lifetime?
Lots of things happen in these years
Complete formal education, meet & commit to their lifelong partners, raise a family, and earn money
What physiological and psychological changes occur during the stage of childhood to adulthood?
Physical growth and maturity, hormonal changes, and opportunities to engage in risky behaviors
Emotional security and comfort= situations that are more challenging
increase freedom, access to health-compromising situations as well as o opportunities for health-enhancing experiences
What is meant by the life course approach?
The concept is that health status and environmental exposures in the early part of one’s life will impact the adult health status,
What percentage of the US population falls into this age group (adolscents)? What are the demographics for this age group?
⅕
54% of adolescents were non-Hispanic white, but the percentage will drop, 40% by 2050
What is the significant change in labor force participation for the 16-19-year-old age group? How does employment break down demographically?
Increased school attendance and enrollment in high school, colleges, and summer school
Black adolescents are more likely to be unemployed compared to whites
White adolescents: lowest proportion of employment
How does significant change in labor force participation affect healthcare?
Most health insurance is correlated with employment status.
Why has mortality decreased for this group (adolescents/ya) since the 1950s?
Attribute to advances in medicine and injury and disease prevention and behavior changes
Who has the highest mortality rate in this group (adolscents) Why?
Males: risk takers
Blacks and America Indian/ Alaska Natives
Suicide second leading cause of death in the US
Homicide, suicide, unintentional injuries
What group has the highest mortality rate in relation to motor vehicle accidents? Why?
White males: access to a vehicle
What growing rate has shown to be alarming?
Growing suicide rates
Which group has the highest homicide rate?
Black males
Age group of Adolescents and Young Adults
10-24 years of age
Adolecents age group
: 10-19 years of age
Adults age group
25-64 years of age
What are the two sub age groups for adults?
25-44
45-64
What are the four variable that is most important for demographics?
Number of young people:
Their living arrangements:
Their employment status
Their access to healthcare
Why is the percentage of children younger than 18 living in a single-parent family been on the rise?
Increase in divorce rate (black and hispanic more likely compared to white children; live with mother)
What effects do living in a single-parent family have on the child?
Economic disadvantages, negative impacts on emotional, cognitive and social well-being
How did the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act impact young adults and adolescents?
: adolescents an young adults will have increased access to health insurance and health care
Due to the obesity epidemic what is expected of the life expectancy of the adolescents?
shorter life expectancy compared to parents
Who has higher mortality rates for adolscents?
Males, American Indians/ Alaska Natives
Who has the lower mortality rates?
Asian/ Pacific Islanders
Leading Cause of Death Young Adolescents (5-14):
unintentional injuries, malignant neoplasms, and suicide
Leading Cause of Death 15-24
behaviors and environment
What are the general leading causes of death for adolescents?
Unintentional injuries (car accidents), homicide, and suicide
What do adolscents face for communicable diseases?
STIs (HIV, Gonorrhea)
Youth Risk Behavior Survey
a national school-based survey; track health behaviors,
What are some examples of behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries for high school students?
Seat belt use, bicycle helmet use, motorcycle helmet use, riding with a driver who has been drinking alcohol and driving after drinking alcohol and texting while driving.
What are some behaviors that contribute to violence?
Carrying a weapon, engaging in a physical fight, negaging in dating violence, have been forced to have sex, engaging in school-related violence: bullying, suicide ideation and suicide attempts
Is tobacco or E-cigarettes more prevalent in hs students?
E-cigarettes
Why do majority of Motor Vehicle Accidents occur?
Due to alcohol
National College Health Assessment
examines a wide range of health behaviors in college students
Monitoring the Future:
exams drug behaviors and relayed attitudes of a broad participant age range 8th graders to adults
What are some behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries in college?
Alcohol usage during motor vehicle usage (injury to passenger or driver)
What is extremely risky behavior that contributes to violence in college?
Sexual assault/ abuse (alcohol- factor)
What is the correlation between tobacco use and educational attainment?
The more educated less likely to use tobacco
Protective Factor
factor that increases an individualś ability to avoid risks or hazards, and promotes social and emotional competence to thrive in all aspects of life
How do social and cultural factors impact bad beahviors?
Through social norms. They can normalize teens and YA drining.
What si the leading cause of death for ages 24-44
unintentional injuries, malignant neoplasms, heart disease, and suicide
What is the leading cause of death 45-64?
cancer, heart disease, unintentional injuries, liver disease, chronic lower respiratory disease, and diabetes
What are the first two leading causes of death?
cancer and heart disease
Astherosclerosis
hardening of the artery due to plaque build up
Coronary Heart Disease
blod clot in a coronary artery
Decrease in oxygen flow
Astherosclerotic narrowing that blocks an artery
Arrhythmias:
irregularity in the heart rate that occurs when the electrical impulses don’t coordinate heartbeat
Tachycardia: abnormal fast heart rate
Bradycardia: abnormally slow heart rate (better)
Heart Failure
heart damaged or overworked & lacks the strength to keep blood flowing
What are symptoms of heart failure?
fluid accumulation: feet ankles, and legs and is accompanied by shrotness of breath and fatigue
Why is Hypertension called the silent killer?
There are usually no visible symptoms
What is a good blood pressure?
120/80
What is a reaosn why a stroke or CV accident can occur?
Aneurysm: bulging vein that bursts
What are symptoms of colon and rectal cancer and what is a way to check for cancer?
blood in the stool
Requires a colonoscopy
WHat are the 3 common cancers among men?
Lung, Prostate, and Colon-rectal
WHat are 3 common cancers among women?
Lung, Breast, and colon-rectal
What si the blood sugar for diabetes?
125 and above
WHat is the blood sugar for pre-diabetic?
100-125
What is the blood sugar for normal?
99 an dbelow
How much total cholesterol should you have?
<250 mg/dL
How much LDL should you have?
<100mg/dL
How many Triglycerides should you have?
<150 mg/dL
How much HDL should you have?
> 50mg/dL
What is the risk ratio for cholesterol?
Total chol/HDL = <3.5
Why do women tend to not get cardiovascular diseases?
Women have more estrogen= more cardioprotective
National Center for Health Statistics
collects self-reported behavior risk data on adults via the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
What is the blood pressure for hypertension?
140/90
Examples of risk factors
chaotic home enviornemnt, ineffective parenting, little mutual atachment or nuturing, inappropriate, shy or aggresive classroom beahvior, academic failurel, low academic aspirations, poor social coping skills, affiliations with deviant peers, perceived external approval of drug use (peer, family, community), parental substance abuse or mental illness
What are some portective factors?
strong family bonds,parental engagement in child’s life, clear parental expectations and consequences, academic success, strong bonds with peo-social instiutions, conventional norms about drugs and alcohol
