Alcohol and Drug Use Flashcards
What is the number one community health problem in the US?
Alcohol and Drug Abuse
What are two reasons why alcohol is used?
alcohol socially acceptable
escape from problems
What the two types of economic costs?
Indirect and Direct
What are the direct economic costs?
health care, premature death, impaired productivity
What are the indirect economic costs?
crime and law enforcement, courts,
jails, social work
What are the threats to the community?
Greater health care needs
Suffer more injuries
Less productive
Loss of economic opportunity and productivity
Social and economic destruction
(def) Drug
substance that alters physiological function of the body.
Psychoactive Drug
have the potential to alter mood
or behavior.
Drug use:
usually associated with illicit drug use.
Drug Abuse
excessive use of any drug.
Drug (chemical) dependence:
need the drug to function. Withdrawal symptoms.
Psychological dependence:
Emotional and cognitive
dependence.
Risk factors
factors that increase the probability of drug
use.
Protective factors
factors that lower the probability of drug
use
What are the two things can the factors be?
Genetic and Environment
What is the most research on alcoholism related to?
drug dependence and inherited risk
Can genetic and
biological markers influence someone’s likelihood to develop alcohol-problems?
Yes
What is the environmental risk factor that actually influence somebody to drink alcohol?
School and peer groups
What are Personal factors:?
impulse, depressive
mood, susceptibility to stress,
personality disturbances..
What are Home and family life:?
family
dynamics, development of
interpersonal skills, family attitude,
beliefs, and expectations.
What are School and peer groups:?
perceived
and actual use by peers #1.
What are Sociocultural environment:?
neighborhood or society at large.
Interventions at the federal, state and
local level.
Examples of Sociocultural environment?
increasing drinking age, taxes, less liquor license
What are the binge drinking numbers for men and women?
Men greater then or equal to 5
Women greater than or equal to 4
What are the standard drinks for liquor, beer, or wine?
Liquor=1.5 oz.
Beer= 12 oz.
Wine= 5 oz.
Problem drinkers:
consumption results in medical, social, or other type of problem.
Personal, interpersonal, legal and/or financial.
Alcoholism:
impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with drinking, use of
alcohol despite its’ adverse consequences.
Blood alcohol concentration
.08
Drinking and Driving:
Making progress- increase drinking age, strengthening
enforcing revocation laws, decrease BAC.
Increased risk of unintentional injuries: examples
falling
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
drinking when pregnant
Leading cause of mental retardation in the Western world.
Synar Amendment
state minimum purchase age for cigarettes at age 18. Loss of federal money for alcohol, drug treatment and prevention programs.
How long does lung cancer take to develop?
10-30 years
What is the most preventable cause disease, disability and death?
lung cancer
What are smokers at risk for?
lung cancer, heart disease (blood clots, stroke, increase in LDL)
What are the 2 drugs in tobacco?
nicotine which are timulants and increases heart rate- bad
Carbon monoxide decreases oxygden carrying capacity; choking
What are Schedule 1 Drugs and examples of them?
high potential for abuse; no accepted
medical uses; ex. heroin, LSD, marijuana
What are schedule 2 drugs and examples?
have medical uses; scheduled based on potential for risk of dependence or abuse. ex. narcotics, cocaine
Which agency is responsible for enforcing Controlled Substances Act?
Drug Enforcement Agency
What are prescription drugs?
Can be purchased only with a physician’s prescription because they have serious side effects for some people.
Subject to misuse and abuse; opioid pain relievers
Risk of dependence and unintentional overdose.
Development of drug-resistant strains of pathogens.
regulated by FDA
What are Over the counter drugs?
Legal drugs other than alcohol and tobacco that can be purchased without a physician’s prescription.
Carefully regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Most only provide symptomatic relief, not a cure.
Subject to misuse and abuse.
Marijuana
Products derived from hemp plant
Most abused illicit drug in the U.S.
Often used in conjunction with other drugs – polydrug use
Acute effects of Marijuana?
reduced concentration,slowed reaction time, impaired
short-term memory, impaired judgment
What are chronic effects of Marijuana?
damage to the respiratory system (if smoked), amotivational syndrome
Narcotis
Opium and its derivatives, morphine and heroin, come from an oriental poppy plant- do not grow in US; drug trafficking problems
Narcotics numb the senses and reduce pain
High potential for abuse
leads to significant community health problems
Stimulants
increase activity of CNS
Amphetamines: Schedule II prescriptiondrugs; widely abused
Methamphetamines often
made in clandestine labs
Cocaine/Crack Cocaine and forms
psychoactive ingredient in the leaves of the coca plant
Powerful and addictive euphoria/stimulant
Purified forms – salt (white powder), dried paste (crack)
Depressants and examples
slow down CNS- may lower anxety and inhibitions
Tolerance develops
Strong physical dependence
ex.Alcohol, barbiturates,
benzodiazepines
Anabolic Steroids
Protein-building drugs
testosterone: hman growth hormone, body building, performance enhanced drug
What are the male side effects for male for testosterone?
Back acne, breast enlargement, decrease in fertility, baldness
What are the side effects of taking testosterone for women?
becomes man-like, excessive hair, deep voice
Inhalants
psychoactive breathable chemicals- can get them easily and cheaper
Paint solvents, motor fuels, cleaners, glues, aerosol sprays
toxic to kidnesy
Prevention & Control of Drug Abuse
- Causes of drug-taking behavior
- Sources of illicit drugs
- Drug laws
- Treatment programs
- Community organizing skills
Persistence, and the cooperation of various individuals and agencies.
Primary prevention examples
aimed at those who have never used drugs.
ex. stop illegal growing of marijuana
Secondary Prevention
aimed at those who have used, but are not chronic abusers.
ex. ban alcohol at colleges at school
What are the 4 elements of prevention?
Education, treatment, public policy, law enforcement
Education
Provide information about drugs/dangers of drug abuse, changing attitudes, and beliefs about drugs, provides skills necessary to abstain from drugs, and change drug abuse
behavior.
Treatment
care that removes physical, emotional and environmental conditions contributing to drug use and dependence.
Public Policy
Guiding principles and courses of action pursued by governments to solve practical problems affecting society. Taxes, laws and bans.
Law Enforcement
arrest, jail, trial & sentence
control durg use, crimes, prevevnt establishement of organized crime, protect neighborhood
Education and treatment goals:
Reduce demand for drugs
Public policy and law enforcement
Reduce supply and availability of drugs
Workplace drug program
under regan
train crash- conductor consumed marijuana
less productivem miss more work days, mor elikely to injurse themselves , worker’s compensation claims
DARE
School-based drug education programs
MADD (Mother’s Againts Drunk Drivers)
Alcoholics Anonymous
Volunteer Health Agencies
