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Community Health > Alcohol and Drug Use > Flashcards

Alcohol and Drug Use Flashcards

1
Q

What is the number one community health problem in the US?

A

Alcohol and Drug Abuse

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2
Q

What are two reasons why alcohol is used?

A

alcohol socially acceptable
escape from problems

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3
Q

What the two types of economic costs?

A

Indirect and Direct

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4
Q

What are the direct economic costs?

A

health care, premature death, impaired productivity

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5
Q

What are the indirect economic costs?

A

crime and law enforcement, courts,
jails, social work

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6
Q

What are the threats to the community?

A

Greater health care needs
Suffer more injuries
Less productive
Loss of economic opportunity and productivity
Social and economic destruction

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7
Q

(def) Drug

A

substance that alters physiological function of the body.

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8
Q

Psychoactive Drug

A

have the potential to alter mood
or behavior.

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9
Q

Drug use:

A

usually associated with illicit drug use.

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10
Q

Drug Abuse

A

excessive use of any drug.

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11
Q

Drug (chemical) dependence:

A

need the drug to function. Withdrawal symptoms.

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12
Q

Psychological dependence:

A

Emotional and cognitive
dependence.

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13
Q

Risk factors

A

factors that increase the probability of drug
use.

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14
Q

Protective factors

A

factors that lower the probability of drug
use

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15
Q

What are the two things can the factors be?

A

Genetic and Environment

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16
Q

What is the most research on alcoholism related to?

A

drug dependence and inherited risk

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17
Q

Can genetic and
biological markers influence someone’s likelihood to develop alcohol-problems?

A

Yes

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18
Q

What is the environmental risk factor that actually influence somebody to drink alcohol?

A

School and peer groups

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19
Q

What are Personal factors:?

A

impulse, depressive
mood, susceptibility to stress,
personality disturbances..

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20
Q

What are Home and family life:?

A

family
dynamics, development of
interpersonal skills, family attitude,
beliefs, and expectations.

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21
Q

What are School and peer groups:?

A

perceived
and actual use by peers #1.

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22
Q

What are Sociocultural environment:?

A

neighborhood or society at large.
Interventions at the federal, state and
local level.

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23
Q

Examples of Sociocultural environment?

A

increasing drinking age, taxes, less liquor license

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24
Q

What are the binge drinking numbers for men and women?

A

Men greater then or equal to 5
Women greater than or equal to 4

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25
Q

What are the standard drinks for liquor, beer, or wine?

A

Liquor=1.5 oz.
Beer= 12 oz.
Wine= 5 oz.

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26
Q

Problem drinkers:

A

consumption results in medical, social, or other type of problem.
Personal, interpersonal, legal and/or financial.

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27
Q

Alcoholism:

A

impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with drinking, use of
alcohol despite its’ adverse consequences.

28
Q

Blood alcohol concentration

A

.08

29
Q

Drinking and Driving:

A

Making progress- increase drinking age, strengthening
enforcing revocation laws, decrease BAC.

30
Q

Increased risk of unintentional injuries: examples

A

falling

31
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A

drinking when pregnant
Leading cause of mental retardation in the Western world.

32
Q

Synar Amendment

A

state minimum purchase age for cigarettes at age 18. Loss of federal money for alcohol, drug treatment and prevention programs.

33
Q

How long does lung cancer take to develop?

A

10-30 years

34
Q

What is the most preventable cause disease, disability and death?

A

lung cancer

35
Q

What are smokers at risk for?

A

lung cancer, heart disease (blood clots, stroke, increase in LDL)

36
Q

What are the 2 drugs in tobacco?

A

nicotine which are timulants and increases heart rate- bad
Carbon monoxide decreases oxygden carrying capacity; choking

37
Q

What are Schedule 1 Drugs and examples of them?

A

high potential for abuse; no accepted
medical uses; ex. heroin, LSD, marijuana

38
Q

What are schedule 2 drugs and examples?

A

have medical uses; scheduled based on potential for risk of dependence or abuse. ex. narcotics, cocaine

39
Q

Which agency is responsible for enforcing Controlled Substances Act?

A

Drug Enforcement Agency

40
Q

What are prescription drugs?

A

Can be purchased only with a physician’s prescription because they have serious side effects for some people.
Subject to misuse and abuse; opioid pain relievers
Risk of dependence and unintentional overdose.
Development of drug-resistant strains of pathogens.
regulated by FDA

41
Q

What are Over the counter drugs?

A

Legal drugs other than alcohol and tobacco that can be purchased without a physician’s prescription.
Carefully regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Most only provide symptomatic relief, not a cure.
Subject to misuse and abuse.

42
Q

Marijuana

A

Products derived from hemp plant
Most abused illicit drug in the U.S.
Often used in conjunction with other drugs – polydrug use

43
Q

Acute effects of Marijuana?

A

reduced concentration,slowed reaction time, impaired
short-term memory, impaired judgment

44
Q

What are chronic effects of Marijuana?

A

damage to the respiratory system (if smoked), amotivational syndrome

45
Q

Narcotis

A

Opium and its derivatives, morphine and heroin, come from an oriental poppy plant- do not grow in US; drug trafficking problems
Narcotics numb the senses and reduce pain
High potential for abuse
leads to significant community health problems

46
Q

Stimulants

A

increase activity of CNS
Amphetamines: Schedule II prescriptiondrugs; widely abused
Methamphetamines often
made in clandestine labs

47
Q

Cocaine/Crack Cocaine and forms

A

psychoactive ingredient in the leaves of the coca plant
Powerful and addictive euphoria/stimulant

Purified forms – salt (white powder), dried paste (crack)

48
Q

Depressants and examples

A

slow down CNS- may lower anxety and inhibitions
Tolerance develops
Strong physical dependence
ex.Alcohol, barbiturates,
benzodiazepines

49
Q

Anabolic Steroids

A

Protein-building drugs
testosterone: hman growth hormone, body building, performance enhanced drug

50
Q

What are the male side effects for male for testosterone?

A

Back acne, breast enlargement, decrease in fertility, baldness

51
Q

What are the side effects of taking testosterone for women?

A

becomes man-like, excessive hair, deep voice

52
Q

Inhalants

A

psychoactive breathable chemicals- can get them easily and cheaper
Paint solvents, motor fuels, cleaners, glues, aerosol sprays
toxic to kidnesy

53
Q

Prevention & Control of Drug Abuse

A
  • Causes of drug-taking behavior
  • Sources of illicit drugs
  • Drug laws
  • Treatment programs
  • Community organizing skills
    Persistence, and the cooperation of various individuals and agencies.
54
Q

Primary prevention examples

A

aimed at those who have never used drugs.
ex. stop illegal growing of marijuana

55
Q

Secondary Prevention

A

aimed at those who have used, but are not chronic abusers.
ex. ban alcohol at colleges at school

56
Q

What are the 4 elements of prevention?

A

Education, treatment, public policy, law enforcement

57
Q

Education

A

Provide information about drugs/dangers of drug abuse, changing attitudes, and beliefs about drugs, provides skills necessary to abstain from drugs, and change drug abuse
behavior.

58
Q

Treatment

A

care that removes physical, emotional and environmental conditions contributing to drug use and dependence.

59
Q

Public Policy

A

Guiding principles and courses of action pursued by governments to solve practical problems affecting society. Taxes, laws and bans.

60
Q

Law Enforcement

A

arrest, jail, trial & sentence
control durg use, crimes, prevevnt establishement of organized crime, protect neighborhood

61
Q

Education and treatment goals:

A

Reduce demand for drugs

62
Q

Public policy and law enforcement

A

Reduce supply and availability of drugs

63
Q

Workplace drug program

A

under regan
train crash- conductor consumed marijuana
less productivem miss more work days, mor elikely to injurse themselves , worker’s compensation claims

64
Q

DARE

A

School-based drug education programs

65
Q

MADD (Mother’s Againts Drunk Drivers)
Alcoholics Anonymous

A

Volunteer Health Agencies

Community Health (9 decks)

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