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Community Health > chapter 9: older adults > Flashcards

chapter 9: older adults Flashcards

1
Q

aged

A

state of being old

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2
Q

aging

A

natural process, naturally changes as one gets older

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3
Q

gerontology

A

study of biological/social processes of aging

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4
Q

geriatrics

A

branch of medicine concerned w/ problems/care for the elderly

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5
Q

geriatrician

A

physician caring for patients w/ chronic diseases (can’t be cured byt managed)

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6
Q

ageism

A

prejudice & discrimination against older adults

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7
Q

Where is ageism seen?

A

workplace, insurance, hospitals, etc

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8
Q

What are signs of the us population getting older?

A

visible to the average person w/ multigenerational families & increase in nursing homes/senior centers, older people everywhere

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9
Q

age of older adults

A

65+

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10
Q

young old age

A

65-74

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11
Q

middle old

A

75-84

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12
Q

old old

A

85+
fastest growing segment of the older population

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13
Q

median age

A

the age which half of the population is older and half is younger

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14
Q

How did baby boomers get their name?

A

Fertility rates dipped after depression, boomed after WWII 1946-1964

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15
Q

How did Baby Boomers affect society?

A

create strain on public services and lead to expansion of pediatrics & obstetrics

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16
Q

What happend in the first and second half of the 20th century that affected life expectancy?

A

decrease in infant & early childhood mortality
ostponement of death among middle-aged & older adult pop.

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17
Q

immigration

A

coming to another country

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18
Q

migration

A

leaving another country

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19
Q

encore career

A

new career after transitioning out of work; less stressful job & mostly part time

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20
Q

Why are there more unmarried women compared to men?

A

women tend to outlive their husbands, less likely to remarry than men, & men tend to marry younger women

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21
Q

What are living arrangements linked to?

A

income, health status, & availability of caregivers

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22
Q

Which gender is more likely to live alone and in nursing homes?

A

women

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23
Q

Why are there more elderly people in urban areas?

A

better healthcare and health care providers;
snowbirds- south for winter and north for summer

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24
Q

What is the economic issue in regards to older people?

A

More people using medicare= more money

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25
Q

How will the racial composition will change?

A

More diverse but older adults population is less diverse

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26
Q

Why are there reduced income needs for older adults?

A

deduction in job-related items, kids financially independent, eating out less and union dues

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27
Q

What makes up for the reduced income needs?

A

Health care & home maintenance costs increase

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28
Q

Which generation is the most educated?

A

Baby Boomers

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29
Q

What are the housing major needs?

A

appropriateness, accessibility, adequacy & affordability

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30
Q

What are 5 major sources of income?

A

Social Security, Income from Assets, Private Pensions, Gov’t employee pensions, earnings

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31
Q

What do housing represent for older adults?

A

an asset

32
Q

How are the rates for bachelor’s degree and high school diploma compare to previous rates?

A

Increased

33
Q

What are the top 5 causes of death for older adults?

A

Heart Disease, Cancer, chronic lower respiratory disease, stroke, Alzheimer’s Disease

34
Q

What are some physcial limitations?

A

walking 2-3 blocks, writing , stooping or kneeling, lift 10 pounds (full bag of groceries), stand on feet for 2 hours, sitting for 2 hours, grasp small objects, and walking up 10 steps

35
Q

What are older adults less likely to do compared to younger counterparts?

A

consume large amounts of alcohol, smoke cigarettes, or be overweight

36
Q

What are some areas for imrovement for older adults?

A

Physical activity and immunizations and nutrition

37
Q

What are some dietary concerns for older adults?

A

Reduced sodium intake
Reduced caloric needs
Increased vegetable consumption
Increased water consumption

38
Q

Why is there a drop in morbidity and mortality rates?

A

medical science and public health practice

39
Q

What are some examples of chronic conditions?

A

Hypertension, heart disease, arthritis, diabetes, emphysema

40
Q

How do chronic conditions affect society and the person?

A

create a burden on health & economic status
impede ability to interact with loved ones
increased demand for caregivers

41
Q

What are impairements?

A

deficits in functioning of one’s sense organs or limitations of mobality

42
Q

What are some primary impairments?

A

sensory (vision, hearing, balance), physical limitations, memory probelms, oral health, absence of natural teeth

43
Q

What is not covered by medicare?

A

eyeglasses, hearing aids, and dental care

44
Q

What is the correlation in physical acitivity and obesity for older adults?

A

Loss of fitness due to againg and chronic conditions and there are more obese people

45
Q

What are the recommended immunizations for older adults?

A

flu and pnemonia

46
Q

Who are the perpetrators of elder abuse?

A

family members

47
Q

What are examples of elder abuse?

A

physical, emotional, financial, verbal and psychological

48
Q

Why are scammers likely to target elders?

A

more trusting, more polite and have money saved up

49
Q

Which gender does activity limitations mostly affect?

A

Women

50
Q

What are 2 reasons why activity limitations increase with age?

A

chronic conditions
impairments

51
Q

What are Adult Protective Services?

A

Services provided to insure the safety and well-being of elders and adults with diasbilies who are in danger of being mistreated or neglected and are unable to take care of themselves or protect themselves from har, and have no one to assist them.

52
Q

What are the 6 Instrumental needs of older adults?

A

Income, Housing, Personal care, Health Care, Transportation, and Community Facilities and Servicesss

53
Q

What is the biggest change needed for housing?

A

Modifications bc of physical impairments

54
Q

What factors increase the exposure to mistreatment for older adults?

A

Demetia & cognitive impairment
Past experience w/ domestic violence
Frality
Social Isolation

55
Q

What factors increase the exposure to mistreatment for older adults?

A

Demetia & cognitive impairment
Past experience w/ domestic violence
Frality
Social Isolation

56
Q

What does Assisted living do?

A

offer housing options for individuals who need wide range of services to help them with activities of daily living such as medicine management, bathing, dressing, meals

57
Q

What is housing the symbol of ?

A

Independence, family gatherings, place of pleasant memories, a link to family, friends and community

58
Q

What are nursing homes?

A

last housing option for those who can no longer live on their own and need 24 hour care/supervision
provide short and long term care for those needing rehab, or recovering from hospitalization
very expensive

59
Q

What are the four levels of tasks?

A

Instrumental tasks, Expressive tasks, Cognitive tasks, and Activities fo daily living

60
Q

What are Instrumental Tasks?

A

Housekeeping, Transportation, maintenance of the automobile or yard, and assistance with buisness affairs

61
Q

Expressive Tasks

A

emotional support, socializing & inclusion in social gatherigs, and trying tor prevent feelings of loneliness and isolation

62
Q

What are some cognitive tasks?

A

scheduling appointments, monitoring health conditions, reminding elders of the need to take medications and in general acting as a back up memory

63
Q

Activities of Daily living

A

eating, dressing, bathing, toileting, walking,getting in and out of a bed or chair, and getting outside

64
Q

Care provider

A

one who helps identify the health care needs of an individual and also performs the caregiving service

65
Q

Care manager

A

one who helps identify the health care needs of an individual but does not help with the health care services

66
Q

Why don’t a lot of older people drive?

A

physical limitations and income- maintaining the care

67
Q

Older Americans Act of 1965

A

Federal Legislation to improve the lives of older adults

68
Q

Meals on wheels

A

a community supported nutrition program in which prepared meals are delivered to individuals in their homes, usually by volunteers

69
Q

Area Agencies of Aging

A

systems that inform, guide, and link older people to available, appropriate, and acceptable services that meet their needs

70
Q

Congregate meal programs

A

community sponsored nutrition programs that provide meals at a central site, such as a senior center

71
Q

Homemaker services

A

assistance with housekeeping like cleaning, laundry, meal prep for elders with physical impairments

72
Q

chore and home maintenance service

A

includes services such as yard work, cleaning gutters and windows, installing screens and storm windows, making minor plumbing repairs, maintaining furnaces/acs, adapting home to impairments of elders (wheelchair provisions, ramp, railings)

73
Q

visitor service

A

one individual taking time to visit with another who is unable to leave his or her residence

74
Q

adult day care

A

daytime care provided to elders who are unable to be left alone offering meals, snacks, social activities, therapy, counseling, health education, other health services

75
Q

home health care

A

health care services provided in the patient’s place of residence.

76
Q

respite care

A

planned short term care, usually for the purpose of relieving a full time informal caregiver

77
Q

senior centers

A

part of Older Americans Act of 1965; facilities where elders can congregate for fellowship, meals, education, and recreation.

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