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Community Health > Chapter 2: Organizations that help shape Community and Public Health > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Organizations that help shape Community and Public Health Flashcards

1
Q

How recently have the communities been dealing with community issues on a basis?

A

last 100 years

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2
Q

What skills do we need for better response to emergenices & long term effects?

A

Better community organizing and careful long term planning.

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3
Q

What are the 4 levels of Governmental Health Agencies?

A

International, National, State, and Local

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4
Q

What are the three classifications based on funding soiurces, responsibilities, and governmental structure?

A

Government, Quasi-government, and Non-Governmental

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5
Q

Top-down funding

A

a method of funding in which funds are transmitted from federal or state government to local level

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6
Q

How can we be informed about local news?

A

Town’s websites and alerts

like amber alerts

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7
Q

What is a Governmental Health Agencies?

A

Part of governmental structure, funded primarily by tax dollars, and managed by government officials

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8
Q

What is the primary example of an International Agency?

A

World Health Organization; the most widely recognized international governmental health organization

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9
Q

Where is the Word Health Organization based and why?

A

Geneva, Switzerland. (It is a neutral country)

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10
Q

What is the purpose and work of WHO?

A

attainment by all people of the highest possible level of health

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11
Q

What was the most noteworthy work of World Health Organization?

A

Eradicating Smallpox; now they are trying to contain outbreaks of Ebola

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12
Q

What are the six core function of WHO?

A
  • providing leadership for health& partnerships for joint actions
  • shaping the research agenda, stimulating the generation, trasnlation, and dissemation of valuable knowledge
  • setting norms, standards, promoting and monitoring their implementation
  • articultaing ethical and evidence based policy options
  • providing technical support, catalyzing change and building sustainable institutional capacity
  • monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends
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13
Q

How was WHO formed?

A

a charter at the United Nations demanded they needed a health agency with wide powers. Created and ratified the constituion and went into full force on April 7, 1948.

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14
Q

What is the goal of National Health Agencies?

A

protection of the health and wellfare of its citizens.

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15
Q

What are the roles of the National Health Agencies?

A

developmet of health policies, enforcement of health regulations, provisions of health services and programs, funding of research, and support of their respective state and local health agencies

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16
Q

How is WHO funded?

A

Asssesed and voluntary contributions. According to their ability to pay. Wealthiest country pays more. Voluntary contibutions make up three quarters of the budget financing.

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17
Q

What is the primary health national health agency for United States?

A

Department for Health and Human Services (HHS)

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18
Q

How much funding does HHS get?

A

25% of the federal budget (most funded, second to defense)

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19
Q

Department of Health and Human services

A

protects the health of all Americand and providing essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves
has 11 operating agencies under it

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20
Q

Department of Agriculture

A
  • inspects meat and dairy porducts
  • Special supplement nutritional programs for woman, infants, and children
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21
Q

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

A
  • National focus for developing and applying disease prevention and control, environmental health, and health promotion and education activities designed to improve the health of the American people
  • maintains records, analyzes disease trends and publishes epidemiological reports on all diseases
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22
Q

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

A

Charged with protecting the public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, and medical devices; ensuring the safety of foods, cosmetics, and radiation-emitting products; and regulating tobacco products

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23
Q

National Institute of Health (NIH)

A

Federal focal point for medical research in the U.S., started as a one-room laboratory of hygiene in 1887, largest research hospital in the world, aims to lengthen life and reduce disease and disability

funds College’s projects- best ideas & scientists

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24
Q

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA)

A

Primary federal agency responsible for ensuring that up-to-date information and state-of-the-art practices are effectively used for the prevention and treatment of addictive and mental disorders. Mission is to reduce the impact of substance abuse and mental illness on American communities.

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25
Q

Center for Medicare/Medicaid Services
CMS

A

Responsible for overseeing the health insurance for people covered by Medicare (elderly and disabled) and Medicaid (low-income) programs. Created to ensure that these special groups of people were not deprived of healthcare due to cost

26
Q

States Governmental Health Agencies

A
  • Assesment of community; public policy; assures health services provided to the local agencies;
  • medical doctor is appointed by the governor
  • organized into divisions of bureaus that provide certain standard servcies
  • Establish health regulations
  • Serve as a bridge between federal and local health departments
27
Q

Local Health Departments

A
  • to implement health policies and provide health services, often due to decisions from state or national health agencies
28
Q

What are some examples of services provided by Local Health Departments?

A

inspection of restaurants, public buildings, and public transportation systems, detection and reporting of certain diseases, collection of statistics such as births, deaths, and marriage, provide vaccines/shots

29
Q

What is the definition fo the whole school, whole community and whole child model?

A

An econolpgical approach directed at the whole school drawing its resources and influences from the whole community to serve the needs fo a whole child

30
Q

Are public health schools governmental health organizations?

A

Yes and they are funded by tax dollars.
School attendace is mandatory.

31
Q

List some components of the Whole school, Whole community, and Whole Child model

A

health education; nutritional environment and services; physical education; healthy and safe school enviornment; employee wellness; health, counseling, psychological and social services; and family and community involvement

32
Q

Define Quasi- Governmental Agencies

A

Responsibilities operate like voluntary health agencies, independent of government supervision, some funding & assignments from the government

33
Q

What is an example of an Quasi- Governmental Health agency?

A

The American Red Cross

34
Q

Who founded the American Red Cross?

A

Clara Barton

35
Q

What are the roles of the American Red Cross?

A

Natural disaster relief to victims (floods and tornadoes)
Liaison to memebers of active armed forces and families during an emergency
blood drives, safety services ( water safety, first aid, CPR, and HIV), nursing and health services, youth services, community volunteer services, & international services
Humanitarian War Laws
Training and certification
95% are volunteers
90% of emergencies are fires

36
Q

How is the executive branches of the government linked to the American Red Cross?

A

The president is the honorary chairman and the US attorney general is the honorary counselor and the Secretary of Treasury is the treasurer?

37
Q

Who founded Red Cross?

A

5 swiss men in Geneva Switzerland- wanted to know about the treatment provided to the wounded in war

38
Q

National Science Foundation (NSF)

A

funding & promotion of scientifc research & development of individual scientists
recieves funds- independently of government

39
Q

National Academy of Sciences (NAS)

A

advisor to the government- science & tech
renowned scientists

40
Q

What are the similarities in between roles for National Science Foundation and National Academy of Sciences?

A

both fund projects, publish reports, & take public stands on health issues

41
Q

What are non- governmental health agencies?

A

Funded by private donations and membership dues
Created by concerned citizens when the government doesn’t meet a need.
Free from governmental interference

42
Q

What are the 3 purposes of the state health agencies?

A

assessment of community health, public policy development, and assurance of health services to the community.

43
Q

What are voluntary health agencies?

A

American creation
Created by concerned citizens that thought a specific health need was not being met by the government.
Exist at national, state, and local level
Paid staff and volunteers

44
Q

What four roles do local-level offices have?

A

Raise money
Provide education to professionals/ public
Provide services to those afflicted with disease
Advocacy for policy, laws, regulation
by funding, research agencies hope to find cures for dieases or a health problem

45
Q

What are the three largest voluntary health agencies?

A

American Cancer Society, American Heart Association, American Lung Association.

46
Q

What do state-level offices do?

A
  • coordinate local efforts and to ensure that policies developed at national levels are in action
  • traning services for emplyees abd volunteers at local level offices
47
Q

Local level offices

A
  • people hired by state-level offices
  • most money raised, most education and most of the services
  • two types of work: professional- medical training and lay- no medical training
48
Q

What are the beneifts of Professional Health Organizations

A

Group insurance
Networking
Discount travel rates
Continued education
Exposure to research through journals
Job referrals
Advocacy for profession
Conventions.

49
Q

What is the mission of Professional Health Organizations?

A

promote high standards of professional practice for their profession, improvong health of society by imporving people in the profession

50
Q

Philantrophic Foundations

A
  • an endowed institution that donates money for the good of humankind.
  • does riskier and expensive research on projects that voluntary agenices can’t do
  • gobal or domestic projects
51
Q

Service Social and Religious Organization:

A

Many do not have health as a primary mission but make significant health-related contributions.

52
Q

What are the contributions of Service, Social and Religious Organizations?

A
  • Donate space for voluntary programs(blood drives, support groups
  • Sponsor food banks and shelters
  • Share doctrine for good personal health behavior
  • Allow health professionals to deliver programs through congregations.
53
Q

How do Services, Social and Religious Organizations hinder health?

A
  • Protesed sex education
  • Picketed public health clinics for providing reproductive information or services to women
  • Speak out against homosexuality.
54
Q

What are the contributions made by Corporate in health?

A
  • Treatment of environment
  • Safety of work environment
  • Products and services it produces and provides
  • Provision of healthcare benefits to employees
55
Q

What is the biggest isusse for health in the corporate world?

A

cost of healthcare

56
Q

What do corporate programs do to improve the health of their employees?

A

Worksite health promotion programs aimed at lowering healthcare cost and reducing absenteeism
Safety, counseling, education courses, physical fitness centers

57
Q

Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs):

A

goals created by the WHO to build on the work accomplished via the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs).

58
Q

Superfund Legislation:

A

legislation enacted to deal with the cleanup of hazardous substances in the environment.

59
Q

Sliding Scale

A

the scale used to determine the fee for services based on ability to pay.

60
Q

How can countries join WHO?

A

ratified constitution and receives majority vote of World Health Assembly

Community Health (9 decks)

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