Material World N4 Flashcards
What is an atom?
Basic unit of matter
What charge does a proton have?
+1
What charge does an electron have?
-1
What charge does a neutron have?
0
What mass (a.m.u) does a proton have?
1
What mass (a.m.u) does an electron have?
0
What mass (a.m.u) does a neutron have?
1
What is an atomic number?
The number of protons in an atom
What is a mass number?
number of protons + number of neutrons
What is nuclide notation?
Shows an element symbol, atomic no. and mass no.
What is an isotope?
Same atomic number, different mass number due to a different number of neutrons
Can isotopes be stable and unstable?
Yes
Unstable isotopes are called…?
Radioisotopes
What is relative atomic mass?
The mass of an atom
What does an electron arrangement show?
The position of electrons around the nucleus
What are 2 patterns in electron arrangements?
The total = the atomic number, ever element in a group ends in the same number
What is chemical formula?
Tells you about the atoms present
State all of the diatomic elements
Hydrogen, Iodine, Nitrogen, Chlorine, Bromine, Oxygen, Fluorine
State all of the prefixes up to 6
Mono, Di, Tri, Tetra, Penta, Hexa
What is valency?
Number of bonds an atom can make, linking to the number of unpaired electrons in the outermost
State the valency for each group up to 8/0
1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
Where on the periodic table can valency change?
Transition metals
If the valency is not stated for a transition metal what should you assume it is?
2, except silver which should be assumed as 1
Why do atoms form bonds?
To become stable
When do atoms become stable?
When they have a full outer shell
What is covalent bonding?
Electrostatic attraction between positive nuclei and a shared pair of electrons
Where does covalent bonding normally happen?
In non metals
How is covalent bonding represented?
A lewis dot-cross diagram
What happens when chemicals react?
Mass is conserved
What does GFM mean?
gram formula mass
When calculating GFM what does n and m stand for?
Number of moles, mass (g)
What is the definition of compound?
More than one type of atom
In ionic bonding what happens to electrons?
Electrons are transferred, one atom with lose electron/s the other will gain
What happens when an element gains/loses electrons?
It forms charged particles called ions
Why does group 4 not tend to form ions?
The metals in the group form the ion based on the valence
What are the large structures that ionic compounds form called?
Crystal lattices
