Feed The World N4 Flashcards
Where do elements we are made of come from?
The food we eat
What percentage of oxygen are we?
65%
What percentage of hydrogen are we?
10%
What percentage of nitrogen are we?
3%
What percentage of calcium are we?
2%
What percentage of carbon are we?
18%
What percentage of phosphorus are we?
1%
What percentage of sulphur are we?
0.25%
What percentage of potassium are we?
0.35%
What percentage of other elements are we?
0.31%
What are carbohydrates needed for?
Energy
What is fibre needed for?
For healthy diet, food to pass through digestive system, prevents constipation and heart disease
What is protein needed for?
Cell growth and repair damaged tissues
What are lipids/fats and oils needed for?
Energy
What are vitamins needed for?
Vit K - helps blood clot
Vit C - prevents illness
What is water needed for?
Replacing urine, sweat and breathing out
What are carbohydrates made up from?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What are the 2 main carbohydrates
Simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates
Explain starch and sugar
Starch is really long and complex but sugar is small and simple
What is a positive iodine test colour change?
Brown orange ~> purple/blue
What is a positive Benedict’s test colour change?
Bright blue ~> brick red
What does iodine test for?
Starch
What does Benedict’s test for?
Glucose, maltose, fructose
What is an insomer
Compound with the same molecular formula but different structure
Glucose and fructose are….?
Monosaccharides and insomers of eachother
Glucose and Fructose have a formula of..?
C6H12O6
Maltose and Sucrose are….?
Disaccharides
Maltose and Sucrose have a formula of…?
C12H22O11
How is sucrose formed??
Condensation reaction when glucose and fructose combine?
What is the formula of sucrose formation?
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 ~> C12H22O11
+
H2O
What’s the molecular formula of starch?
(C6H10O5)n
What are the 4 main elements in our body?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen
What’s the most common compound in our body?
Water
What is soluble and gets into the bloodstream quickly
Sugar
What isn’t soluble and breaks down slowly into soluble sugars?
Starch
Energy contents shown on food and drink are measured in??
KJ
What is the colour change in a successful biuret test?
Light blue ~> lilac
What does biuret test for?
Proteins
What makes up your muscles?
Actin and myocin
What makes up ligaments?
Elastin
What are hair and nails made up from?
Keratin
Skin contains…?
Collagen
What controls blood and sugar levels
insulin
What breaks our foods down?
Trypsin, Amylase
What helps red blood cells carry oxygen around the body?
Haemolglobin
Vitamins are..?
Organic compounds
Minerals are…?
Inorganic compounds
Vitamin C is needed for??
Healthy membrane, lack can cause scurvy, the source is citrus fruit
What causes rickets and bendy bones
A lack of Vitamin D
Where does Vitamin D come from
The sun
Where can vitamin A be found?
Carrots and fatty foods such as fish and margarine
A lack of vitamin A can cause?
Poor night vision
What does Beri Beri and pellagra come from?
Lack of vitamin B
What does Vitamin K do?
Helps your blood clot
What can a lack of vitamin K cause?
Uncontrolled bleeding from tissues
Which vitamin lowers the risk of cancer
Vitamin E
Calcium keeps…..?
Teeth and bones strong
Where is calcium found?
Dairy (milk and cheese)
A lack of calcium can cause..?
Brittle bones
Why is iron important?
Iron is needed for oxygen travelling around the body
What’s an iron deficiency called?
Anemia
Why is land for farming limited??
Areas are too cold, too hot, too dry, too salty, too acidic or too heavily populated
What three elements are essential for plant growth
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
