Mass terror (Not Included)

Question 1

What is Order 00447?

Answer 1

It allowed for the arrest of Kulaks and other ‘anti-soviet elements’,
The NKVD is not being controlled by the state
There was a quota system that outlined the number of those who were to be sent to the Gulags or executed
The NKVD could arrest without trial

Question 2

What happened in the first month after Order 00447?

Answer 2

100, 000 were arrested

14,000 were sent to the Gulags

Question 3

When was Order 00447 released?

Answer 3

mid - 1937

Question 4

How many were executed by the beginning of 1938?

Answer 4

575, 000 were sentenced

248,000 were executed

Question 5

Who did the NKVD target?

Answer 5

Anyone who was thought to be dangerous to the regime:
Former members of other political parties
Sometimes they targeted types of people because the numbers were too high, such as writers, musicians, bakers

Question 6

What were citizens encouraged to do?

Answer 6

They were encouraged to out any ‘hidden enemies’ to the NKVD, such as family members, coworkers, bosses to try and save themselves

Question 7

Who was Pavlik Morozov?

Answer 7

A child that denounced his father as a Kulak and was rewarded for it, and then 1 week later his grandfather killed him out of revenge
It was as cautionary tale of state over family
His story was used as propaganda for Stalinx

Question 8

How did the function of Gulags change during Stalins era?

Answer 8

Before Stalin it was mostly for political prisoners and kulaks, it was meant to reeducate the people into socialist ideology, and provided slave labour for the prestige projects like the Muscov - Volga canal, but under Stalin it was for anyone that was anti - soviet and no longer for reeducation, but for forced labour to death

Question 9

How many people were in Gulags in 1935?

Answer 9

800,000 people

Question 10

How many people were in Gulags in 1738?

Answer 10

9.5 million people

Question 11

What was the mortality in the Gulags compared to the rest of the USSR?

Answer 11

4 - 6 times higher

Question 12

What were conditions like in the Gulags?

Answer 12

Meagre rations
Harsh conditions
Long hours 
Disease was rampant
Crowded spaces

Question 13

What did Stalin think of minorities in the period?

Answer 13

He was suspicious of them, such as moving the Germans in the Volga region and Koreans in the Far East

Question 14

What did Stalin do with Koreans in 1937 and why?

Answer 14

When Japan was becoming a threat in 1937, Koreans were moved to Central Asia

Question 15

What did Stalin do with Germans in 1941 and why?

Answer 15

When Germany was becoming a threat in 1942, 400,000 Germans were moved to Siberia and Central Asia

Question 16

What did Stalin do with Jews in 1939 - 40 and why?

Answer 16

2 million jews went from Germany to Russia, and Stalin killed the rabbis and religious leaders

Question 17

When did the Purges end?

Answer 17

1938

Question 18

Who did Stalin blame for the Red Terror?

Answer 18

The NKVD leader Yezhov

Question 19

Why did the Purges end?

Answer 19

Stalin had caused fear and taken out all of his rivals

Question 20

How did Trotsky die?

Answer 20

He was assassinated in his home in Mexico in 1940 by a Stalinist agent

Question 21

What happened to Yezhov?

Answer 21

He was tried and executed secretly in 1940

Question 22

How does Stalin take responsibility of the Terror and purges?

Answer 22

• Personally responsible for promoting the purges
• Set quotas for how many he wanted killed
• He was paranoid of potential threats from others in the Party, such as Old Bolsheviks and Trotskys speeches against him outside of Russia
• He didn’t try to slow the Purges down or stop it earlier

Question 23

How can local Party members take responsibility of the Terror and purges?

Answer 23

• Many officials went over their quota and acted on their own agendas
• Some promoted the terror, but were scared of being taken away themselves if they didn’t seem loyal to Stalin and agreeing with the Purges

Question 24

How can Bolshevik leaders take responsibility of the Terror and purges?

Answer 24

• Bolsheviks always have used fear as a part of their policy
• There was a terror in 1917 with the removal of 25% of the Party
• There was a terror in Civil War of the bourgoiuse
• Stalin encouraged it and just escalated it to a more ruthless and larger scale

Question 25

How can ordinary people take responsibility of the Terror and purges?

Answer 25

• People were encouraged to go against members of their community and denounce other
• The denunciations may have meant better rations, of it was for someones job or a rivalry or settle scores
• Propaganda influenced peoples decisions, and made more people loyal to the Party not to their family

Question 26

How many people were killed between 1737 - 8?

Answer 26

650,000 and most of them were ordinary people who did nothing ‘anti-soviet’

Question 27

What happened to those associated with any ‘traitors’?

Answer 27

They were shunned, and children taken out of schools, sent to Gulags, and discriminated against

Question 28

How many Party members were expelled between 1736 - 8?

Answer 28

850, 000

Question 29

How many members who joined before 1920 were still in the Party in 1939?

Answer 29

10%

Question 30

How did Stalin and Lenin differ on religion?

Answer 30

They both thought it wasn’t needed in a Communists Russia.
Lenin tolerated it and allowed it to continue but without the benefits in the government
Stalin wanted to stamp it out and called it the opiate of the masses. He wanted people to believe in him as a leader, and to believe in comunism instead of God

Question 31

How many religious buildings were left by 1937?

Answer 31

1% in all of Russia