Essay Questions - Collectivisation Flashcards
How successful was the Communist regime in modernising Russian agriculture in the years 1928 to 1941?
Increased mechanisation of farms
- More parts of farm life were being mechanised, so it made farming move away from tradition and become more efficient
- 71% of threshing by 1938 was done mechanically
- However it greatly favoured the sovkhoz that were state owned, and were really high prices
- 1 MTS for 40 collectives
How successful was the Communist regime in modernising Russian agriculture in the years 1928 to 1941?
Give more grain to industry
- Increased bread and potatoes, meant more people could eat
- Bread per kilo per capita for urban from 174.4 - 211.3 from 1928 - 32
- Meant that industrial progress would be faster and more efficient which is what Stalin focused on the most
- Didn’t increase in meat, it decreased so the diet was less well rounded
- Number of cattle decreased in 1928 - 35 from 70 - 49 million heads
How successful was the Communist regime in modernising Russian agriculture in the years 1928 to 1941?
Holodomor
- Collectivisation and the isolation of the Ukraine made a man made famine which killed many people
- 5 million died from 1932 - 4
- Families and whole villages were killed which meant that grain production decreased and the number of people in the area decreased as well
- Positive for the government as most of them were ‘Kulaks’ so it helped in wiping them out
How successful was the Communist regime in modernising Russian agriculture in the years 1928 to 1941?
Have more political stability for Stalin in the Party
- Many didn’t like the NEP, thought it was a step back
- Stalin’s success in the Forced Collectivisation made people both scared of him, and respect him more
- 17th Party Congress where some wanted to slow down Collectivisation
‘The most important result of the collectivisation of agriculture was that it imposed Communist control on the countryside.’ Assess the validity of this view.
Kulaks are the Bolshevik ideological enemy
Popped up in the NEP, and were those that prospered from others, and could have people working for them
However, this could spread to those who didn’t agree with Bolshevism
Only 4% of the countryside was Kulak, but 15% were accused of being Kulaks, so the term Kulak was used loosely for anyone who opposed Bolshevism
‘The most important result of the collectivisation of agriculture was that it imposed Communist control on the countryside.’ Assess the validity of this view.
Controlling grain production
Controlling grain production
- People were pushed into collectives
- By 1941, 100% of peasants were in Collectives
- Meant that the State controlled the grain production
- Grain could be used how the state wanted, for example to the urban areas or exported for technology
- However, their private plots were more beneficial and used for them, and had private trade, which wasn’t liked by the Bolsheviks but couldn’t really be controlled
- 71% of milk came from private plots by the end of the period
‘The most important result of the collectivisation of agriculture was that it imposed Communist control on the countryside.’ Assess the validity of this view.
Give more rations to industry
Give more rations to industry
Increased bread and potatoes, meant more people could eat
Bread per kilo per capita for urban from 174.4 - 211.3 from 1928 - 32
Meant that industrial progress would be faster and more efficient which is what Stalin focused on the most
Didn’t increase in meat, it decreased so the diet was less well rounded
Less healthy workers
Number of cattle decreased in 1928 - 35 from 70 - 49 million heads
‘The most important result of the collectivisation of agriculture was that it imposed Communist control on the countryside.’ Assess the validity of this view.
Have more political stability for Stalin in the Party
- Many didn’t like the NEP, thought it was a step back
- Stalin’s success in the Forced Collectivisation made people both scared of him, and respect him more
- Showed his ruthlessness and want to industrialise
- Isolated the right, such as Bukharin who was losing his supporters, so Stalin could take out an opponent
- In the 17th Party Congress, some spoke out against
- Forced collectivisation and wanted to reel it back in a bit
‘Collectivisation in the USSR, in the years 1929 to 1941, was a success.’ Assess the validity of the view.
Increased mechanisation of farms
- More parts of farm life were being mechanised
- By 1938 72% of threshing was using a machine
- Meant that it was more efficient and didn’t need as much manpower so people could go to the cities
- However it wasn’t evenly distributed
- 1 MTS for 40 collectives, and had to fight for it
‘Collectivisation in the USSR, in the years 1929 to 1941, was a success.’ Assess the validity of the view.
Have more political stability for Stalin in the Party
- Many didn’t like the NEP, thought it was a step back
- Stalin’s success in the Forced Collectivisation made people both scared of him, and respect him more
- Isolated the right, such as Bukharin who was losing his supporters, so Stalin could take out an opponent
‘Collectivisation in the USSR, in the years 1929 to 1941, was a success.’ Assess the validity of the view.
Increased grain to the cities
- Increased bread and potatoes, meant more people could eat
- Bread per kilo per capita for urban from 174.4 - 211.3 from 1928 - 32
- Meant that industrial progress would be faster and more efficient which is what Stalin focused on the most
- Didn’t increase in meat, it decreased so the diet was less well rounded
- Less healthy workers
- Number of cattle decreased in 1928 - 35 from 70 - 49 million heads
‘Collectivisation in the USSR, in the years 1929 to 1941, was a success.’ Assess the validity of the view.
Holodomor
- Collectivisation and the isolation of the Ukraine made a man made famine which killed many people
- 5 million died from 1932 - 4
- Families and whole villages were killed which meant that grain production decreased and the number of people in the area decreased as well
- Positive for the government as most of them were ‘Kulaks’ so it helped in wiping them out
To what extent was the destruction of the Kulaks the most important outcome of Stalin’s campaign of forced collectivisation?
Yes, Kulaks were Bolshevism’s ideological enemy
- Popped up in the NEP, and were those that prospered from others, and could have people working for them
- However, this could spread to those who didn’t agree with Bolshevism
- Only 4% of the countryside was Kulak, but 15% were accused of being Kulaks, so the term Kulak was used loosely for anyone who opposed Bolshevism
To what extent was the destruction of the Kulaks the most important outcome of Stalin’s campaign of forced collectivisation?
Most important outcome is to ensure loyalty from Party
- Many didn’t like NEP, and thought it was an ideological betrayal
- Strengthened his position as more Bolshevik and can isolate Bukharin
- However got some unwanted heat and disloyalty from some
- Such as the 17th party congress when some members wanted to slow down forced collectivisation
To what extent was the destruction of the Kulaks the most important outcome of Stalin’s campaign of forced collectivisation?
Increased grain for urban workers
- Increase from 174 - 211 kilo per capita from 1928 - 33
- Meant the workers had more to eat and could work more efficiently
- The outcome came from the destruction of the Kulaks as they had the most land and tools
- The Collectives could increase in land and the
