Essay Questions - FYP Flashcards
To what extent had the Five Year Plans fulfilled Stalin’s aims by 1941?
There was an increase in the industrialisation of the country
- Coal doubled in both the first and second FYP
- Allowed for more resources to be exported for ammunition and parts for the industrial revolution and to power factories
- Didn’t increase as much as he wanted it to,
- Shows that it was unrealistic and wasn’t achievable
To what extent had the Five Year Plans fulfilled Stalin’s aims by 1941?
Most important outcome is to ensure loyalty from Party
- Many didn’t like NEP, and thought it was an ideological betrayal
- Strengthened his position as more Bolshevik and can isolate Bukharin
- However got some unwanted heat and disloyalty from some
- Such as the 14th party congress when some members wanted to slow down forced collectivisation
To what extent had the Five Year Plans fulfilled Stalin’s aims by 1941?
Didn’t do well in light industry
- Personal goods decreased in number, such as the change back to clogs instead of shoes in industrial cities
- This wasn’t one of his main aims,
- Wanted to focus on other industries so this isn’t a big problem.
- Did cause for a lower SofL which meant that the workers didn’t have as much to be clothed with, so less excited to work and get stuff
To what extent had the Five Year Plans fulfilled Stalin’s aims by 1941?
He moved the country closer to true Bolshevism
- All light and heavy industry was under Stalin’s control by 1941
- Controlled the quotas and numbers that came out of the factories that was too ambitious
- Capitalist ideas didn’t leave, people still worked for themselves as self preservation
- Managers hoarded rare items instead of giving it to another incase theirs broke and needed replacing so they weren’t under the quota
How successful was Stalin in creating a ‘socialist economy’ in the years 1929-41?
Controlling grain production
- People were pushed into collectives
- By 1941, 100% of peasants were in Collectives
- All had to work on state land and produce grain for the state, didn’t gain much because of high quotas at around 40%
- Grain could be used how the state wanted, for example to the urban areas or exported for technology
- However, their private plots were more beneficial and used for them, and had private trade, which wasn’t liked
by the Bolsheviks but couldn’t really be controlled - 71% of milk came from private plots by the end of the period
How successful was Stalin in creating a ‘socialist economy’ in the years 1929-41?
Increased the industrial part of Russia
- All light and heavy industry was under Stalin’s control by 1941
- Controlled stuff
- Capitalist ideas didn’t leave, people still worked for themselves as self preservation
- Managers hoarded rare items instead of giving it to another incase theirs broke and needed replacing so they weren’t under the quota
- This is capitalist thinking
How successful was Stalin in creating a ‘socialist economy’ in the years 1929-41?
Removed Kulaks who were Bolshevisms ideological enemy
Popped up in the NEP, and were those that prospered from others, and could have people working for them
However, this could spread to those who didn’t agree with Bolshevism
Only 4% of the countryside was Kulak, but 15% were accused of being Kulaks, so the term Kulak was used loosely for anyone who opposed Bolshevism
How successful was Stalin in creating a ‘socialist economy’ in the years 1929-41?
- Increased the number of people in the cities
- Wanted more people in factories than on the farms
- For every 3 on a collective 1 went to city
- Didn’t help with the SofL in the cities
- Living conditions were cramped in the houses and disease was rampant
- So it wasn’t socialist in that the citizens weren’t looked after
To what extent did the Five Year Plans achieve Stalin’s aims for industrial development?
Rapid industrialisation of industries
- Increased in the heavy industries such as coal doubling in both the 1st and 2nd FYP
- However didn’t reach the unrealistic numbers set out in the FYP
- In first FYP coal was supposed to remove 75 million by 1932, but it actually was 64 million
To what extent did the Five Year Plans achieve Stalin’s aims for industrial development?
Increased number of people in the urban areas
- 1922 - 40 the urban population increased from 22 - 63 million
- Meant more people could work in the factories
- However the SofL was bad + cramped
- Disease was rampant, the rooms were squished, which lead to more people being ill so didn’t help the industrialisation
To what extent did the Five Year Plans achieve Stalin’s aims for industrial development?
Increased the number of projects in the country to improve the country
- Moscow Metro
- Meant that goods could be travelled around more easily
- It was fueled by prison labour camps with brutal reputations
- SofL was so bad the death rate was 4-6x higher than other places in the country
To what extent did the Five Year Plans achieve Stalin’s aims for industrial development?
Increase in control of the industries
- Had quotas for everyone and everything
- This meant that numbers were fudged because people wanted to keep their jobs
- Created a culture of fear and hoarding of rare machinery, so wasn’t successful in the distribution of resources which is the soviet way of thinking
