Forced collectivisation Flashcards

1
Q

What would peasants do to go against the State with grain?

A

Some would hoard or burn their grain so that the State wouldn’t take it

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2
Q

What would peasants do to go against the State with meat?

A

Some would eat the majority of their livestock so that the State wouldn’t take it

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3
Q

What happened to the number of grain harvested from 1928 - 33?

A

It decreased from 73 - 68 million

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4
Q

What happened to the number of grain harvested from 1933 - 35?

A

It increased from 68.4 - 75 million

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5
Q

What happened to the number of cattle from 1928 - 35?

A

It decreased from 71 - 49 million heads

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6
Q

How much did the bread in kilo per capita increase for the urban workers from 1928 - 32?

A

174 - 211 kilo per capita

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7
Q

How much did the bread in kilo per capita decrease for the rural workers from 1928 - 32?

A

250 - 215 kilo per capita

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8
Q

How many peasants died from 1930 - 37?

A

11 million

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9
Q

What was the effect of collectivisation in the Party?

A

It was seen as a good thing because the NEP was a halfway house, which was disliked by most of the party members

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10
Q

What was the effect of collectivisation in the Peasants politically?

A

It meant that the Party had more control and support of the countryside because they could install loyalty to the Party and their beliefs onto the peasants so that they are less likely to rebel

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11
Q

How did Stalins actions in 1930 affect his reputation?

A

He made himself look more benevolent and concerned about the peasants, as if he heard their issues and tried to make them better but in reality he wasn’t bothered and it got worse after 1931

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12
Q

What was the effect of collectivisation in the urban areas?

A

It meant that they had more food so that they could be more productive and increase in industrialisation to help the economy

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13
Q

What was the effect of the Ukraine famine on the Party?

A

It made it look ruthless to some of the members and caused the policies to become more brutal and is an area that could cause conflict within the Bolsheviks

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14
Q

What happened to the Right in the Party?

A

They were more isolated because they disagreed with the pressure on the peasants, which was seen as too violent and ruthless.

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15
Q

How much grain was harvest in 1928 compared to 1933 and 1935?

A

1928 - 73.3
1933 - 68.4
1935 - 75.0
Million tonnes

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16
Q

What is forced collectivisation?

A

Taking grain from peasants forcefully and put them on collective farms

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17
Q

What was most peasants reaction to collectivisation?

A

Most peasants didn’t like the idea of collectivisation because they didn’t want to share their land or resources, preferring to work on their own farms

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18
Q

What did peasants do against collectivisation?

A

Between 1929 - 30 there were 3,000 arson attacks in rural areas and mass disturbances increased from 172 - 229 in the same time

19
Q

Why were most peasants against collectivisation?

A

Prices rose with collectivisation
They didn’t like the states low prices for grain
Thought it was agains the Land Decree that the Bolsheviks gave them
They didn’t believe in Bolshevism
They didn’t want to give up their traditions
The 25,000 er’s were brutal to the peasants

20
Q

When did forced collectivisation started?

A

December 1929

21
Q

How many peasants were in collectives by March 1930?

A

58%

22
Q

How many peasants were in collectives by October 1930?

A

20%

23
Q

Why were so many peasants collectivised by March 1930?

A

The 25,000 er’s were brutal in their work and forced peasants to go onto the collectives and the propaganda that came up surrounding the collectives

24
Q

What did Stalin do in mid 1930 to please the peasants temporarily?

A

He called the party leaders out for being over zealous and that what they were doing was too harsh, so he made collectivisation voluntary, and allowed peasants to take back their land a resources.

25
Q

What happened in early 1931?

A

Stalin reinforced forced collectivisation at faster and harsher rate than before

26
Q

How many people were collectivised by 1931?

A

50%

27
Q

How many people were collectivised by 1935?

A

75%

28
Q

How many people were collectivised by 1941?

A

100%

29
Q

How did Stalin achieve 100% collectivisation with the army?

A

Armed forces dealt brutally with unrest, some burning villages down

30
Q

How did Stalin achieve 100% collectivisation with the Kulaks?

A

Kulaks were deported to uninhabitable areas, work camps or executed

31
Q

When was the Law ‘on safeguarding property’ made?

A

1932

32
Q

What was the Law ‘on safeguarding property’?

A

Anything that was owned by the State that was stolen or broken would mean that the person will be sent to 10 years in prison, then it turned to death

33
Q

What was the affect of the Law ‘on safeguarding property’?

A

Anything in the grain reserves couldn’t be stolen even if the peasants were starving, and would sometimes be burnt as a threat

34
Q

When were internal passports introduced?

A

1932

35
Q

What did internal passports do?

A

They were issued in cities so that they could move around but the peasants couldn’t move from village to village

36
Q

What was the quotas on peasants?

A

Around 40% of their grain

37
Q

What was the real harvest compared to the official harvest in 1933?

A

In 1933 the real harvest was 25% less than the official harvest

38
Q

What were Kulaks classed into and what happened to them?

A

‘The counter - revolutionary active’ - they were arrested
‘Certain elements of Kulaks active’ - deported
‘Quasi-landowners’ - deported

39
Q

How were Kulaks targeted?

A

Higher quotas - more likely to be arrested for low quota
Took their land
Accused of hoarding grain
Denied machines

40
Q

What percentage of the vegetables came from the illegal market?

A

52%

41
Q

What percentage of the meat came from the illegal market?

A

70%

42
Q

What percentage of the milk came from the illegal market?

A

71%

43
Q

What was the issue with the increased quotas?

A

The peasants had less incentive to work hard, so they worked less and were more interested in their private plats than the collective farms because they got more from them

44
Q

What happened to the illegal trade?

A

It increased in use from the low prices from the State