Mary I- religious changes Flashcards
what were Mary’s aims
undo religious changes since 1529
restore papal authority
restore traditional catholic practices
re-establish monasteries
end clerical marriages
persecute those not agree with views
secure long term future of Catholicsm by marrying and having an heir
what did Mary enforce?
dutiful catholic wants to follow desires all subject follow suit
no more printing of controversial religious teachings
no more use of terms heretic and papist
no more books written in English without permission
major concerns- believed people only supported her because she was catholic- underestimated protestant supporters and her ‘Tudor name’
what was the First Act of Repeal
September 1553
undid Edwardian reformation
revived mass, ritual worship, clerical celibacy and reaffirmed transubstantiation
royal injunctions
March 1554
ordered bishops suppressed heresy and removed marriage clergy, re-rodianed clergy and restored holy days
Norwich 243 bishops lost posts
10-25% removed for being married
Removal of Protestant Bishops
September 1553
March 1554
deprived protestant bishops of their diocese and if married replaced with Catholics
Heresy Laws
April 1554
parliament refused at first
agreed on the condition when former monastic lands would not be restored under church lands
Second Act of Repeal
November 1554
undid all of anti-papal legislation since 1529- contributed to Wyatt’s rebellion?- England no longer protestant
The Synod’s approval of the Twelve Decrees
February 1556- Clerical discipline against abuses such as absenteeism, pluralism, simony and heresy
why did Mary’s religious policies fail?
Cardinal Pole returned to England- unfamiliar
administrative delays
bishoprics (7 often) left open
Pope Paul IV not fan of Pole and anti-Habsburg so Mary’s marriage did not help
Mary did not seize propaganda opportunities
what was Pole’s top-down strategy for restoration
form of persuasion
wanted strong leadership in church- bishops make more regular visitations for diocese for corruption and discipline clergy
The London Synod of 1555
pole commissioned some new publication help clergy- Catholic New Testament, Book of Homolies and New Catechism
need on clerical education- seminars in Cathedrals- Durham, York, Lincoln
victims of Heretic Laws
John Rogers first Protestant martyr Feb 1555
300 people executed
