Henry VII securing the throne

Question 1

Henry’s claim to the throne

Answer 1

• on his mother’s side- Margaret Beaufort
• was in exile in Brittany

Question 2

battle of Bosworth

Answer 2

22nd August 1485
against Richard III
war of roses

Question 3

how did Henry secure the throne

Answer 3

predated his reign to 21st August 1865- fought against him= traitors
coronation 30th October and Parliament’s first meeting 7th November- not make him king
Married Elizabeth 18th January 1486- had own right to throne- not use his wife’s

Question 4

Lovell and Stafford brothers

Answer 4

1485-86

Question 5

Lovell and Stafford- significance

Answer 5

First uprising to face
occurred during Henry’s parade up north
but had no foreign support
only received support from Church sanctuary twice

Question 6

Lovell and Stafford leadership

Answer 6

lack of support as divided to gather local support from peasants
Lovell to the north
Staffords to Worcester to create ambush
but people tired from wars of the roses

Question 7

Lovell and Stafford- why was Henry able to overcome the threat?

Answer 7

lack of leadership
already heard of as he was on his progress
used armed forces to negotiate with rebels
Stafford brothers taken from sanctuary (while Lovell fled to Flanders)
Humphrey executed
Thomas pledged loyalty
Henry’s policy of calculated mercy

Question 8

Lambert Simnel

Answer 8

1486-7
pretender of Edward, Earl of Warwick

Question 9

Lambert Simnel- Foreign Support

Answer 9

Margaret Dowager Duchess of Burgundy- accepts as ‘nephew’- Yorkist threat
sends 2000 mercenaries to Ireland 1487

Question 10

Lambert Simnel- domestic support

Answer 10

little support- people war weary
priest Richard Symonds- used/ claimed he was Earl of Warwick
Earl of Kildare- Gerald Fitzgerald

Question 11

Lambert Simnel- leadership/ events

Answer 11

crowned in Dublin 24th May 1487
Battle of Stoke June 1487
King- 12000 men
Lambert- 8000 men
Nobels such as Earl Lincoln and Lovell died

Question 12

Lambert Simnel- How Henry was able overcome threat

Answer 12

had support from Members of Great Council
had paraded real Earl of Warwick
won the battle
used calculated mercy
recognised Lambert as child- worked in kitchens and then King’s falconer

Question 13

Perkin Warbeck

Answer 13

1491-99
Pretender of Richard of York- in the Tower of London

Question 14

Perkin Warbeck- Foreign support

Answer 14

1492- France Charles VIII welcomed him into French court
1493- Margaret of Burgundy tutored him
HRE Maximillian promised support but not have resources
1497- Scotland- James IV support- married James’ cousin Lady Catherine Gordon and pension annually £1200
enough threaten Henry- marriage proposal of Catherine and Arthur not be agreed if England not secure

Question 15

Perkin Warbeck- domestic support

Answer 15

1494- conspiracy of Sir William Stanley (step-uncle) - paranoia- executed 1495
failed gather support 1495 in Ireland and in Kent
July 1497 failed invasion with Scotland

Question 16

Perkin Warbeck- how did Henry succeed

Answer 16

signed Treaty of Etaples 1492 with Charles- not harbour rebels
with Burgundy- cloth trade ban- jeopardised cloth trade and English economy to ensure dynastic safety
signed Truce of Ayton 1497 and formalised 1502 with marriage of Margaret and James- peace treaty
1498 Warbeck placed in tower
1499 after ‘plot’ to escape with Earl of Warwick was hanged

Question 17

Edmund de la Pole

Answer 17

1599-1506
Earl of Suffolk
Nephew of Yorkist King

Question 18

Edmund de la pole- foreign support

Answer 18

Burgundy- fled for killing man (1499/1501)
Maximillian- support as ‘white rose’ to throne

Question 19

Edmund de la pole- domestic support

Answer 19

Sir William Courtenay and Sir William de la Pole
James Tyrell- Governor of Guines Castle in Calais
Sir John Windham
(died/executed)

Question 20

Edmund de la pole- How did Henry deal with threat

Answer 20

Maximillian- bribed £10,000
Deal with Philip due to chance storm (ended travel ban) £138,000 in return for Edmund- Malus Intercursus

Question 21

significance of Edmund De la Pole

Answer 21

• Latter part of reign- Henry had little rest from threat
• Only 1 heir
• Elizabeth had died
• Foreign support hard to break

Question 22

Weaknesses of his enemies:

Answer 22

• Lack of support in England
• Most poorly planned
• Lack of authentic claim
• Henry- his planned and strategic actions

Question 23

Yorkshire Rebellion 1489

Answer 23

Parliament granted subsidy of £100,000 to aid Brittany in war with France
tax caused resentment- many not see cause
only received £27,000
suffering bad harvest and resented those on Scottish border not have pay tax- focus on borders
Earl of Northumberland sent by rebels but King refused and killed by peasants
Earl of Surrey defeated rebels and appointed lieutenant as no interest in north and loyalty granted as success here meant restoration of estates

Question 24

Cornwall 1497

Answer 24

Jan 1497 Parliament heavy tax for invasion of James (Scotland) and Warbeck
May 1497 the rebels from Bodmin marched through west counties
Leader was impoverished Lord Audley from Wells who later gained significance
16th June- 15,000 reached London and encamped on Blackheath
Confronted by royal army led by Lord Daubeney and Sir Rhys ap Thomas
1000 rebels killed
Audley and other 2 leaders executed

Significances:
* Fear as marched so close
* Henry’s attention focused on Scotland
* Showed could not afford serious campaigning within Scotland- now determined to attempt to some to term with James