Henry VII's Foreign Policy

Question 1

diplomatic period

Answer 1

1485-92

Question 2

peace period

Answer 2

1493-1502

Question 3

isolation period

Answer 3

1503-09

Question 4

what were Henry’s aims?

Answer 4

trade
national security
establishing Tudor dynasty
avoid war

Question 5

support Brittany with war of France

Answer 5

after The Battle of Saint-Auben-du-Cormier July 1488
French won and the duke signed the Treaty of Sable where promised his daughter and heir Anne would not marry without the permission of the French King

Question 6

whose support did Henry seek to deter the French from going to war?

Answer 6

Maximilian, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand of Spain

Question 7

what treaty was signed with Brittany in 1489?

Answer 7

The Treaty of Redon
Bretons had pay cost of 6000 men Henry had sent them

Question 8

How did Henry have a restrained policy towards Brittany?

Answer 8

the small numbers of men sent and no intention (as emphasised) to wage war of conquest

Question 9

how did henry’s allies fail him?

Answer 9

Maximilian was unreliable while Spain only sent 2000 men in 1490
it was too late and Henry did not achieve anything

Question 10

French crown

Answer 10

Henry asserted his claim to French throne 1491 because loss of Brittany was imminent and French supported Yorkists

Question 11

Parliament grant October 1491

Answer 11

Subsidy

Question 12

English Army October 1491

Answer 12

laid siege to Boulogne for 9 days

Question 13

Treaty of Etaples 1491

Answer 13

Charles VIII keen to sign treaty as wanted Henry gone as prevented him from achieving greater glory in Italy
treaty meant Charles VIII would not aid future rebellions and pay cost of war- £74500

Question 14

League of Venice 1495

Answer 14

Holy League
formed out of fears France was becoming too powerful and needed to drive out of Italy
alliance against Ottoman Empire
Henry was not invited to join- not seen as equal
1496 Ferdinand invited him fear of his power

Question 15

what was Henry’s condition on joining the HL

Answer 15

further agreement for marriage of VCatherine and Arthur but England not forced go to war against France

Question 16

what Treaty was signed in March 1489

Answer 16

Treaty of Medina del Campo- alliance negotiated with Spain- Arthur and Catherine of Aragon be married
Trade Clauses- ended Nagivation Acts
allowed exports of goods from Spain in foreign ships
Increased revenue 33,000 in 1485 to 40,000 in 1509

Question 17

why was the marriage alliance Henry secured with Spain in 1496 so important?

Answer 17

tudor dynasty recognised and seen as an equal
new land in America been discovered 1492- want it
meant joined League of Venice
threat of Warbeck

Question 18

League of Cambrai 1508

Answer 18

Henry not invited to join but interests not threatened
Spain and France and other Catholic countries against the turks

Question 19

How did James IV King of Scotland help Perkin Warbeck?

Answer 19

1495 welcomed him into his court and allowed him to marry his cousin
and help invade from Scottish border
but army abandoned him at border when Henry sent troops

Question 20

how was the situation with Scotland made worse for Henry?

Answer 20

Cornish rebellion- added pressure and chaos

Question 21

Truce of Ayton 1497

Answer 21

peace treaty between Scotland and England
ensured Warbeck’s execution
treaty sealed by marriage of Henry’s eldest daughter Margaret and James IV

Question 22

Trade ban on Burgundy

Answer 22

1493 because of Perkin Warbeck

Question 23

Magnus Intercursus 1496

Answer 23

ended embargo placed on Burgundy
allowed English merchants to sell their goods in Philips’ land without tolls or customs

Question 24

tensions with Burgundy and Spain

Answer 24

Philip of Burgundy and Ferdinand of Spain enemies also as Philip supported by Henry to go for the Spanish crown after death of Isabella of Castile in 1504

Question 25

how did Henry antagonise Ferdinand

Answer 25

After death of Elizabeth he considered marrying Margaret of Savoy- daughter of Maximillian and sister of Philip but refused.
Jeporadized marriage of Henry and Catherine
Kept dowry from Arthur and Catherine despite father’s request to return it or complete settlement

Question 26

Malus Intercursus 1506

Answer 26

chance storm and Philip forced take shelter on English soil
England favoured and hated by Burgundy- 1507 Magnus was restored. Trade with Burgundy would be free.

Question 27

Navigation Acts 1485-86

Answer 27

limited foreign control of English trade- more ships built- jobs and supported economy
protect English revenue

Question 28

what did Henry fear after Philip of Burgundy’s death in 1506?

Answer 28

feared French seize weakness and invade- close to England

Question 29

what had Henry achieved by 1508?

Answer 29

a measure of stability in his foreign relations and his position on throne was now secure from foreign intervention

Question 30

Treaty of Riga 1499

Answer 30

Attempts bring in treaties to get English merchants direct access to northern trade- collapsed. Navigation Act in Baltic sea-failed

Question 31

Henry’s possible marriage options

Answer 31

Joanna of Naples- neice of Ferdinand and first choice
Margaret of Savoy
Joanna of Castile and Burgundy
Catherine of Aragon

Question 32

why did Prince Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon need a special dispensation from Pope?

Answer 32

Catherine was considered too closely related to Henry because she married his brother

Question 33

why did the death of Elizabeth pose a new dynastic threat?

Answer 33

1503 died
2/3 sons dead and baby making machine gone
Edmund de la pole threat- gather foreign support

Question 34

how did the death of Queen Isabella affect relations between Henry and Ferdinand?

Answer 34

rivals for matrimonial states
questioned continued unity
Henry supported Philip in Castillian crisis but dies- wrong side
failure of recognition and security 1504-1506

Question 35

how did Henry leave the crown to Henry VIII

Answer 35

left crown solvent and stability
re-instated order
1509- failure for glory in foreign policy
prevent threat from nobility