Mary I Flashcards
Council
twice size of Henry’s, 12 subcommittees created 1554
Simon Renard
Charles Vs envoys, quickly won Mary’s confidence, operated at centre of English affairs, mary frequently didn’t consult council until she’d already decided matters with Renard
Changes to financial govt
Exchequer restored as main financial department 1554, took over work of Court of First Fruits and Tenths and Court of Augmentation
book of rates
1558 increased customs revenue from £29,000 to £85,000
Crown lands
1555 full survey carried out, rents and entry fines raised 1557
Concerns over philip
England could be used as a tool for Spain, could spark a negative reaction from france and re-ignite Scotland
marriage treaty
Dec 7th 1553 said Philip can be called King but has no power, no foreigners could hold public office, no claim to the throne of Mary died first
Married
July 1554 Philip of Spain
Parliament was overall
cohesive
MPs opposing reversal of Eds religious reforms
80
Why didn’t Mary restore monastic lands
knew not to challenge it as nobles would go crazy
Bills defeated in Parliament
1555 said Protestant in exile could be seized by crown, 1554 wouldn’t protected Philip in new treason law, 1555 prevented Philip being crowned King, refused to exclude Liz from succession after Wyatt’s
What was the first law for the Counter-reformation
First Act of Repeal 1553
First Act Repeal
Protestant bishops deprived of positions, some imprisoned. Order of service back to 1547, repealed Ed’s religious laws, all married clergy could be imprisoned unless repent
Impact of First Act of Repeal
legal status of CofE upheld
Issue with enacting counter reformation
needs parliament to reverse laws which means acceptance of superiority of statue law over divine law. Wanted Cardinal Pole to help but needs to reverse Act of Attainder through Parliament, he’s disliked
Second Statute of Repeal
1555 reverses Act of Supremacy, Restraint of Annates, First Fruits and Tenths, Treason Laws, Heresy Laws
Issues with Pope
named new legate, William Peto, but Mary refused to acknowledge his papal authority. He disliked Cardinal Pole
How many Protestants were burnt at the stake?
289
who were the first heretics burnt, when?
John Rogers and Rowland Taylor, popular preachers whose death had widespread sympathy 1555
Reaction to heretic burning
the victims being of humble status strengthened sympathy and they become martyrs. those who were burnt became heroes and it raised questions over why people were willing to die over protestantism
farming issues
1555-6 heavy rain caused worst harvest failures of the century, unprecedented rises in prices of grain and famine
Epidemics and impacts
influenza and typhus 1556-8. 1 in 10 killed, population reduced by 5% 1556-61. Wages of rural labourers fell 40% and taxation was high to pay for war in france
what was done to help famine?
emphasis on enforcement of laws against grain hoarders and strong encouragement to turn pasture land to tillage (crops)
Wyatt rebellion
1554
Wyatt rebellion causes
Sir Thomas Wyatt initially supported Mary but switched up after rumours of Spanish marriage- fear of Spanish inquisition
Number of rebels in Wyatt’s
3000 in Kent, meant to be simultaneous rebellions supported by French fleet but this failed
Failure of Wyatt rebellion
overly cautious so gave Mary time to gather support, doomed to fail so surrendered
Mary’s reaction to Wyatt’s
pardoned most, under 100 executions, only Wyatt and Suffolk executed out of rebel elite
Elizabeth’s involvement in Wyatt’s
rebels planned to marry her to Edward Courtenoy, they’re interrogated and imprisoned but later released
Treaty of Vaucelles
Feb 1556 agreed 5 year peace between France and Spain
Outcome of treaty of Vaucelles
1557 Philip sought Mary’s support in attacking French. Mary succumbed and an English army of 5000 joined Spains 70,000 in siege of St. Quentin
St. Quentin
captured and defeated August 1557 greeted with delight in England
Calais
French surprise attacked Jan 1558 launched 30,000 men on garrison. 2000 Englishman and several hundred spanish men held out for 3 weeks with no reinforcements so had to surrender
Brest
large scale attacked summer 1558 failed
