Mary I

Question 1

Council

Answer 1

twice size of Henry’s, 12 subcommittees created 1554

Question 2

Simon Renard

Answer 2

Charles Vs envoys, quickly won Mary’s confidence, operated at centre of English affairs, mary frequently didn’t consult council until she’d already decided matters with Renard

Question 3

Changes to financial govt

Answer 3

Exchequer restored as main financial department 1554, took over work of Court of First Fruits and Tenths and Court of Augmentation

Question 4

book of rates

Answer 4

1558 increased customs revenue from £29,000 to £85,000

Question 5

Crown lands

Answer 5

1555 full survey carried out, rents and entry fines raised 1557

Question 6

Concerns over philip

Answer 6

England could be used as a tool for Spain, could spark a negative reaction from france and re-ignite Scotland

Question 7

marriage treaty

Answer 7

Dec 7th 1553 said Philip can be called King but has no power, no foreigners could hold public office, no claim to the throne of Mary died first

Question 8

Married

Answer 8

July 1554 Philip of Spain

Question 9

Parliament was overall

Answer 9

cohesive

Question 10

MPs opposing reversal of Eds religious reforms

Answer 10

80

Question 11

Why didn’t Mary restore monastic lands

Answer 11

knew not to challenge it as nobles would go crazy

Question 12

Bills defeated in Parliament

Answer 12

1555 said Protestant in exile could be seized by crown, 1554 wouldn’t protected Philip in new treason law, 1555 prevented Philip being crowned King, refused to exclude Liz from succession after Wyatt’s

Question 13

What was the first law for the Counter-reformation

Answer 13

First Act of Repeal 1553

Question 14

First Act Repeal

Answer 14

Protestant bishops deprived of positions, some imprisoned. Order of service back to 1547, repealed Ed’s religious laws, all married clergy could be imprisoned unless repent

Question 15

Impact of First Act of Repeal

Answer 15

legal status of CofE upheld

Question 16

Issue with enacting counter reformation

Answer 16

needs parliament to reverse laws which means acceptance of superiority of statue law over divine law. Wanted Cardinal Pole to help but needs to reverse Act of Attainder through Parliament, he’s disliked

Question 17

Second Statute of Repeal

Answer 17

1555 reverses Act of Supremacy, Restraint of Annates, First Fruits and Tenths, Treason Laws, Heresy Laws

Question 18

Issues with Pope

Answer 18

named new legate, William Peto, but Mary refused to acknowledge his papal authority. He disliked Cardinal Pole

Question 19

How many Protestants were burnt at the stake?

Answer 19

289

Question 20

who were the first heretics burnt, when?

Answer 20

John Rogers and Rowland Taylor, popular preachers whose death had widespread sympathy 1555

Question 21

Reaction to heretic burning

Answer 21

the victims being of humble status strengthened sympathy and they become martyrs. those who were burnt became heroes and it raised questions over why people were willing to die over protestantism

Question 22

farming issues

Answer 22

1555-6 heavy rain caused worst harvest failures of the century, unprecedented rises in prices of grain and famine

Question 23

Epidemics and impacts

Answer 23

influenza and typhus 1556-8. 1 in 10 killed, population reduced by 5% 1556-61. Wages of rural labourers fell 40% and taxation was high to pay for war in france

Question 24

what was done to help famine?

Answer 24

emphasis on enforcement of laws against grain hoarders and strong encouragement to turn pasture land to tillage (crops)

Question 25

Wyatt rebellion

Answer 25

1554

Question 26

Wyatt rebellion causes

Answer 26

Sir Thomas Wyatt initially supported Mary but switched up after rumours of Spanish marriage- fear of Spanish inquisition

Question 27

Number of rebels in Wyatt’s

Answer 27

3000 in Kent, meant to be simultaneous rebellions supported by French fleet but this failed

Question 28

Failure of Wyatt rebellion

Answer 28

overly cautious so gave Mary time to gather support, doomed to fail so surrendered

Question 29

Mary’s reaction to Wyatt’s

Answer 29

pardoned most, under 100 executions, only Wyatt and Suffolk executed out of rebel elite

Question 30

Elizabeth’s involvement in Wyatt’s

Answer 30

rebels planned to marry her to Edward Courtenoy, they’re interrogated and imprisoned but later released

Question 31

Treaty of Vaucelles

Answer 31

Feb 1556 agreed 5 year peace between France and Spain

Question 32

Outcome of treaty of Vaucelles

Answer 32

1557 Philip sought Mary’s support in attacking French. Mary succumbed and an English army of 5000 joined Spains 70,000 in siege of St. Quentin

Question 33

St. Quentin

Answer 33

captured and defeated August 1557 greeted with delight in England

Question 34

Calais

Answer 34

French surprise attacked Jan 1558 launched 30,000 men on garrison. 2000 Englishman and several hundred spanish men held out for 3 weeks with no reinforcements so had to surrender

Question 35

Brest

Answer 35

large scale attacked summer 1558 failed