Liz FP Flashcards
Aims
National security
Secure succession (MQS)
Increase power of protestant England
Use marriage as diplomatic tool
Treaty of Berwick
1560 protection of Scottish Lords from French
Treaty of Edinburgh
July 1560 provided withdrawal of English and French troops which forced Mary to renounce her claim to the English throne and left Protestant lords governing scotland
Liz was reluctant indecisive
Cateau-Cambresis
1559 peace negotiations with France. Compromise over Calais, French would retain for 8 years and would then return it to England or pay a form of compensation
Factions in France
Protestant Huguenots and Catholic Guise
Treaty of Hampton Court
1562 Liz promised loans and military aid to Hugenots
Relations with Huguenots
English seized Le Havre and tried to exchange it for Calais. Huguenots weren’t impressed and joined Catholic forces to expel English from French soil
Peace of Troyes
1564 ended armed hostilities with France
Massacre of St Bartholomew’s Day
24th August 1572 Paris mob murdered atleast 3000 Huguenots. English Protestants horrified. In Liz’s eyes they were rebels against a legitimate monarch. Negotiated with both sides- worked as military campaign would’ve been incredibly hazardous
Reasons to marry Duke of Anjou
she could control his behaviour in the netherlands and use him as a threat to persuade Spanish to negotiate a settlement with Netherlands provinces. He was anti spanish
Reasons not to marry Duke of Anjou
Catholic, opposition from the council and public, fears of England being controlled by France, Liz victim of own propaganda ‘virgin queen’
Result of Anjou
August 1581 provided him with funds for intervention in Netherlands
When did revolt in the Netherlands begin?
1572, Philip sent army
Reasons to secretly support Netherlands
Spanish too busy to threaten England, could avoid the blame
policy of harassment
Pirates. Spanish ships sought shelter in Devon and Cornwall had 400,000 gold coins, queen took it. Supported John Hawkins to purchase slaves and sell them in armada to break spanish trading monopoly
Convention of Nymegen
1573 resumed trade between England and Spain and withdrew from raids on spanish ships in indies
Treaty of Nonsuch
1585 Liz sent 5000 troops and 1000 cavalry first time she’d officially joined war
Dudley Netherlands
Disaster. Inexperienced, constantly short on money. Terrible appointment of Sir William Stanley to command Deventer 1587. Stanley was Catholic so handed room over to Spanish
Sir Francis Drake Spain
1572 attacked Spanish ship loaded with silver from Peru worth £20,000
1578-9 launched successful attacks on Spanish settlements and ships in new world
Northern rising
1569 Duke of Norfolk schemed to marry Mary with support of some Northern Earls. Didn’t intend to post Liz but wanted Cecil’s post
Ridolfi Plot
1572 plan to land 6000 Spaniards at Harwich to depose Liz and enthrone Mary. Liz signed Mary’s death warrant and recalled it twice
Throckmorton Plot
1583 Involving Mary, French and Spanish ambassadors, Francis Throckmorton and 2 Scottish Jesuits. Further pushed England to war with Spain
Babington plot
1586 French ambasssador and Anthony Babington. Mary had been smuggling letters in and out of her prison through barrels. Walsinghamns men created a trap by forging letters threatening to assassinate Liz, Mary approved
Mary execution
8th Feb 1587
Spanish Armada date
1588
Spanish failure Armada
17,000 troops in Flanders invasion force were to cross to Kent, Parma. was unwilling to accept the crossing so there was poor communication
forced around Scotland, sank half the fleet
Had priests taking up space on boats
English victory Armada
sent fire ships
effective tactics
better gunnery (long range) prevented Spanish boarding ships
200 English ships v 130 Spanish
153 long range guns v 21 Spanish
Forced Spanish into bad weather
