Marriage Flashcards
What is Exogamy?
It is expected marriage outside a specific group of people.
Benefit: extent resources between groups
We find it in society with simple division of labou (H&G, Hrcltr: low population)
What is Endogamy?
It is expected marriage within a specific group of people.
Benefit: preserve resources within the group
We find it in society with complex division of labor
Eg: in the US, it is race and class. Sometimes religion.
What is Combination of Marriage?
It is how many people there are in a marriage
What is Monogamy?
It is 2 people in a marriage.
It allows neolocality.
What is Serial monogamy?
It is a person divorces and remarries
Benefit: one can get out of a bad situation
Eg: 1920s: America, legal but non normative
2005: illegal in Chile
2019: illegal in Philippines and Vatican city
What is Polygamy?
It is at least 3 people in a marriage.
Benefit: economy of scale (cheaper/ easier with more people)
What is Polygyny?
It is 1 man marries at least 2 women.
Benefit: For the husband, prestige (status & respect). For the first wife, prestige (title), helper and companion.
For the second wife, stable resources.
It is found in cultures with warfare and mechanism to prevent young men for getting married early.
It allows all fertile women to bear legitimate children.
What is Sororal polygyny?
It is one man marries at least two sisters.
Benefit: to reduce friction in the household
What is Polyandry?
It is one woman marries at least two husbands.
Benefit: more resources
What is Fraternal polyandry?
It is one woman marries at least two brothers.
Benefit: diversify income.
We find it in culture where there is the idea of family as brothers.
What is Group marriage?
It is 2 man marries at lest 2 woman.
Benefit: specific to the culture; children always be taken care of.
What is Levirate?
A man is expected to marry his dead brother’s wife
What is Sororate?
A woman is expected to marry her dead sister’s husband.
What is marriage exchange?
It is something given between families at a marriage.
What is bride price?
It is something is given from the groom’s family to the bride’s family at a marriage.
We find bride price where woman brings in subsistence, mainly horticulture society
It is usually several years worth of value. Eg: 50 cows
What is bride service?
It is work that a groom does for a bride’s family.
We find it where woman brings in subsistence but in a low material cultures: H n G, Hrtcltr
4 < x < 10 years
What is bride exchange?
It is groups exchange women in marriage.
It is de facto warfare alliance.
What is dowry?
It is something given by the bride’s family to the groom’s family at a marriage.
We find it where women depend on men for subsistence: intensive agriculture
Women are under immense pressure to give birth to boys.
What is cross cousin?
It is the child of the opposite sex sibling of one parent.
What is parallel cousin?
It is the child of the same sex sibling of one parent.
What is patrilateral?
on the father side
What is matrilateral?
on the mother side
How to write family tree?
M: mother, F: father, B: brother, Z: sister, S: son, D: daughter, H: husband, W: wife
What is postmarital residence pattern?
It is where a newly wed couple lives and based on where the newly wed couple will have the most success.
What is patrilocality?
The couple lives with the husband’s father.
Approximately 70-100 people
70% world culture, all subsistence patterns.
We find this when properties are passed down from father to son
What is matrilocality?
The couple lives with the wife’s mother.
15% world cultures.
We find it where properties are passed down from mother to daughter by family group.
Men have a lot of work and don’t have rights to children.
What is ambilocality?
The couple lives with both or either of the spouses’ families.
In back and forth fashion to decide whoever works best for them.
What is Avunculocality?
The couple lives with the husband’s mother’s brother.
We find it where properties passed down from mothers to daughter by family group but male exert strong control.
Eg: Trobriand Islands
What is Neolocality?
The couple moves to a place away from both spouses’ families.
We find it where mobility is necessary for subsistence.
Eg: capitalist society, H n G
What is Household?
It is people who live together. It is also a primary economic and social unit in society.
What is Nuclear family?
It is mother, father and children.
What is extended family?
It is nuclear family plus other relatives.
