Markings/Signs 139.311 Flashcards
3 Runway Classifications by Approach
Visual: can only occur visually with 1,000ft ceilings and 3SM vis
Non-Precision: only horizontal guidance. has an MDA an DP that are specified by the FAA to have runway in sight to continue
Precision: has both vertical and horizontal approach guidance, these are ILS PAR WAAS GBAS, lower DH
What are the two proven techniques that help airport operators enhance surface markings?
Outlining and placing glass beads
How thick are black boarders typically?
6 inches
What types of glass beads are used, and when?
Type III: shall not be applied to red or pink paint
Type IV: when used they should be applied in higher-built materials due to their larger diameters
What are Striated Markings and when can they be used?
they are used in areas subject to frost heave. they consist of painted stripes 4 to 8 inches in width that re separated by unpainted stripes. They have reduced visibility and can never be used on Category II or III runways. the mixing of striated and non-striated markings ins not permitted in a surface marking scheme
Runway Centerline Marking dimensions
120ft in length, with 80ft gaps. 36in inches wide for precision approaches, 18in for non-precision runways, 12 inches for visual runways
Runway Threshold markings
identifies the beginning point used for landings. consists of white longitudinal stripes, starts 20ft from the actual starting pint of the runway threshold
runway width….. 60ft wide= 4 stripes, 75ft wide= 6 stripes, 100ft=8 stripes, 150ft= 12 stripes, 200ft= 16 stripes
for standard runway widths, the stripes are 150 feet long and 5.75 feet wide, the outer edges of the near most par are 11.5ft apart
Runway Aiming Point marking
generally begins 1020ft from the runway threshold. each marking is 150ft in length for runway at least 4,200ft long, and 100ft for shorter runways
check notebook for widths that correspond to runway size
Touchdown Zone Marking
identifies the touchdown zone made along a precision runway in 500ft increments. symmetrically arranged pairs of rectangular bars in groups on on, two, and three along the centerline.
check notebook for dimensions and lateral spacing
900ft no marking zone from the midpoint of the runway back to the threshold. The point is to preserve an 1,800ft unmarked area so pilots do not confuse the surface marking during a landing with the surface marking for the other approach procedures
runway threshold bar marking
10ft in width and extends between the runway edges, white in color, the beginning of usable surface for landing
runway demarcation bar
delineates a runway with a displaced threshold from a blast pad, stop way, or an aligned taxiway. it is yellow, 3 ft wide, and extends across th entire width of the blast pad, stop way, or aligned taxiway
chevron markings
identify pave blast pads, stopways, and MAS in relation to the end of the runway. yellow in color and recommended minimum length of 150ft to allow or at least two chevrons
Runway Shoulder Marking
supplemental to further delineate a paved runway shoulder that pilots have mistaken or are likely to mistake as usable runway. yellow, located between the runway side stripe and the outer edge of the paved shoulder. 3ft in width spaced 100ft apart along the edge of the runway, slanted at a 45 degree angle
Hold Position Markings
purpose is to prevent aircraft and vehicles from entering into critical areas associated with runways and navaids. view notebook for cases and patterns
What are the dimensions of taxiway centerlines
6in or 12inches in areas of low visibility. Yellow
marking for taxiway
or a taxiway that intersects a runway at a runway end …
displaced threshold: the taxiway centerline marking continues onto the displaced area of the runway and extends parallel to the displaced threshold marking 200ft beyond the point of tangency or terminates at the point of contact with the displaced threshold bar.
low visibility taxi operations: the taxiway centerline marking continues across all runway markings with the exception of the runway designation and the threshold marking
for a taxiway that intersects a runway at any other location, the taxiway centerline curves onto the runway and extends parallel to the runway centerline for 200ft beyond the point of tangency with the runway centerline or terminates at the point of contact with the displaced threshold bar, whichever is less
enhanced taxiway centerline marking
to alert pilots they are coming up to a runway holding position marking. enhanced for 150ft prior to the runway. the boarder on the outside of the dashes can be 3 or 6in wide
continuous taxiway edge marking
yellow double line, at least six inches wide and spaced 6in apart
dashed taxiway edge marking
used when there is an operational need (think terminal ramp). 6in in width spaced 6in apart. the lines are 15ft long with 25ft gaps
surface painted holding position signs
designed to alert pilots. for taxiway widths greater than 35ft the inscription is 12 feet. for 35 or less check the ACs. this is only mandatory for part 139 airports. the sign is on the left for design group 3-7 and centered on the line for design group 1A, 1B, and 2
for taxiway entrances with complex geometry that requires a lengthy inscription that will not fit properly, the inscription height should be reduced. the lowest allowable height for TDGs 3-7 is 6ft. for 1a, 1b, and 2 the standard width is 3ft
Surface painted taxiway direction signs
provide extra guidance at an intersection. the edge of the sign must be 3ft from the edge of the taxiway centerline and is located on the side of the taxiway that the aircraft will travel (Juliet)
surface painted taxiway location signs
used when deemed necessary. put on the right side of the taxiway, 3ft from the edge, yellow inscription is 12ft height, minimum of 9ft. should not be painted on runways
used when deemed necessary. put on the right side of the taxiway, 3ft from the edge, yellow inscription is 12ft height, minimum of 9ft. should not be painted on runways
used to assist pilots in location their positions along large ramps. useful for identifying entrances and exits along terminal complexes. also called the ramp spot. located seven feet from a taxiway centerline to the gate they will travel to. yellow with black inscription. eight foot diameter yellow circle with a six-in outer ring
taxiway shoulder marking
yellow, and perpendicular from the centerline
geographic position marking
assists pilots with confirming holding points or reporting their location while taxing during low-visibility operations. markings are on the left, co-located with the intermediate holding position marking for taxiway/intersection and a clearance bar consisting of three yellow lights. each marking is a seven-ft diameter pink circle
Ramp control marking
used to facilitate the local ramp tower or FAA ATC in the movement of aircraft and vehicles to their designated areas of ramps, aprons, ect. it is a yellow marking with black inscription, with the inscription being at least 4ft high. they may be circular or triangular shaped
VOR marking
should be more than 1/2 miles from the VOR on a paved surface. marking is a 10ft diameter circle with a yellow arrow pointing at the VOR
permanently closed runways/taxiway markings
solid yellow “x’ markings should be painted at each ends of the runway and 1,000ft intervals
temporarily closed runway markings
raised lighted “x” at the end of each runway
boundary sign markings
look like a ladder, used for RSA/OFZ, ILS critical area
methods of distance remaining signs
preferred: double sided sign, one side of runways
alternate 1: single-faced installed on both sides of the runways, distance can be more accurately represented
alternate 2: double faced signs on both sides of the runways
If runways are intersecting and the same precedence, which one does not overlap with markings
The one having lowest approach mins or the end most often used
