Marking Points - Strengthening Flashcards
What is atrophy?
decrease in muscle fibres size resulting from a lack of stimulation
what are the causes of muscle weakness?
- immoblisation - i.e. splinting
- non-weight baring
- aging
- malnutrition
- neurological disruption
- bedrest
what is the physiological cause of muscle weakness?
atrophy due to a loss of muscle mass - decrease in fibre size. There is an decreased rate of protein synthesis, increased rate of protein degradation
which muscles are likely to show the greatest amount of weakness?
largest muscle groups - type 1 - slow twitch oxidative fibres - postural
what occurs to muscle fibres during hypertrophy?
Exercise causes micro trauma to muscle-stimulates the release of cytokines and growth factors into skeletal muscles.
This activates satellite cells within the muscle which proliferate and differentiate into myoblasts. Align with and fuse with muscle fibre to increase the number of nuclei within the muscle fibre. Results in overall increased size and strength.
what additional processes occur following hypertrophy?
- alteration in muscle fibre type & metabolism capacity - fast twitch vs slow twitch
- increase in capillaries
- increase in myoglobin
- increase in mitochondria
what is power?
the ability to exert maximal force in as short a time as possible
what is endurance?
the ability to contract repeatedly or sustain tension over prologued time
what is strength?
ability of a muscle to produce tension and force in one maximal effort
how often should the strength program be completed?
3 sets x 8-12 reps, 60s rest between
daily for grade 2 and 3
3 x per week for grade 4
How should the program be progressed?
always work at 70% of voluntary maximum
increase intensity every 1-2 weeks in young pt, 4 weeks in older pt
what is the overload principle?
Muscle adaptation occurs when the exercise intensity and duration exceeds its typical demands. Without overload, strengthening does not occur
Always increasing weight to ensure higher than used to
what is working to fatigue principle?
Fatigue is the reversible decline in the output of a muscle due to an accumulation of metabolic by-products. It is a marker that overload has occurred.
what is the principle of progression and diminishing returns?
muscle adapts to meet the demands of the exercise program - becomes less challenging over time - must progress the program to see continued improvements
what is reversibility?
if a patient stops - results will be lost ** don’t forget to remind them at the end **
