Markers of liver function

Question 1

Is bilirubin normally mostly unconjugated or conjugated?

Answer 1

Unconjugated

Question 2

Does increased or decreased bilirubin indicate liver damage?

Answer 2

Increased

Question 3

Does increased or decreased albumin indicate liver damage?

Answer 3

Decreased

Question 4

What is PT?

Answer 4

Prothrombin time
Measures time taken (seconds) for blood plasma to clot

Question 5

What is INR?

Answer 5

International Normalised Ratio
Standardised measurement derived from PT across different labs and methods.

Question 6

Does increased or decreased PT indicate liver damage?

Answer 6

Increased

Question 7

Enzymes are non specific to liver but an increase shows…

Answer 7

liver damage is likely as spilled out into blood

Question 8

Where are ALT and AST found?

Answer 8

Liver, heart, kidney and muscles

Question 9

What does AST: ALT 2:1 suggest?

Answer 9

Alcoholic liver disease (especially with raised GGT)

Question 10

What does AST:ALT, over 4.5:1 suggest?

Answer 10

Wilson’s or hyperthryoidism

Question 11

What does AST: ALT, less than 0.9:1 suggest?

Answer 11

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Question 12

What is raised in ALD (alcoholic liver disease)?

Answer 12

GGT
ALP (alkaline phosphatase)
ALT and AST
Bilirubin
PT

Question 13

ALP increases in b____ t____ specific damage and bone pathology

Answer 13

biliary tree