Diarrhoea lecture notes Flashcards
What can be used to help describe shape of faeces
Bristol Stool Chart
What are non-infective causes of diarrhoea?
Hormonal (thyroxine)
Radiation (gut cells are sensitive)
Chemical
Neoplasm
Inflammatory
Irritable bowel
Anatomical
Infective diarrhoea can be b____ or non-b____
bloody
What does dysentery mean?
Bloody
What is the vehicle of transmission called?
vector
What are common causes of bloody diarrhoea?
Rotavirus
Shigella
What are some viruses that can cause diarrhoea?
Hepatitis A, hepatitis E, norovirus, rotavirus
What are some common causes of bloody diarrhoea?
shigella
e coli
salmonella
campylobacter
What are some common causes of non-bloody diarrhoea?
cholera (toxin binds to gut cells, water into gut)
viral causes
What are causes of food poisoning?
Clostridium perfringens
Shigella
Campylobacter
what is enteric fever also called?
typhoid caused by salmonella
Which E Coli. produce toxins?
ETEC (can cause haemolytic uremic syndrome where small blood vessels become damaged and inflamed with clots forming all through body damaging kidneys and organs. No treatment)
What parasite commonly causes diarrhoea
Cryptosporidium
How long does norovirus last?
1-3 days
(immunity is short-lived)
If ill 3-6 hours after eating infected meal then likely to be ____-mediated
toxin
If ill 12-24 hours after eating infected meal then likely to be ____-mediated
virus
If ill 2-3 days after eating infected meal then likely to be _____-mediated
bacteria
What infections can be spread in hospital
Rotavirus
Norovirus
C. difficile
True or false: use alcohol hand gel to prevent spread of c. diff?
False
Need to wash hands with soap and water
Why does c diff. cause diarrhoea?
psuedomembrane of dead gut lining cells. Lose absorbing capacity so ooze liquid into gut.
How is c diff spread?
Faeco-oral route or through spores in the environment
What does SIGHT stand for?
Suspect C diff as a cause of diarrhoea?
Isolate the case
Gloves and aprons must be worn
Hand washing with soap and water
Test stool for toxin
How to manage c diff
Control antibiotic use
Standard infection control procedure
Surveillance and case finding
Isolate, enteric precautions
What’s a good sign of dehydration?
Lack of turgid skin
low bp
Who are at risk groups?
Persons of doubtful personal hygiene
Children who attend pre school or nursery
People who work involves preparing or serving unwrapped/uncooked food
HCW/social care staff working with vulnerable people.
Have to alter public health if…
dysentery diarrhoea
