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2a Liver and GI > Diarrhoea lecture notes > Flashcards

Diarrhoea lecture notes Flashcards

1
Q

What can be used to help describe shape of faeces

A

Bristol Stool Chart

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2
Q

What are non-infective causes of diarrhoea?

A

Hormonal (thyroxine)
Radiation (gut cells are sensitive)
Chemical
Neoplasm
Inflammatory
Irritable bowel
Anatomical

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3
Q

Infective diarrhoea can be b____ or non-b____

A

bloody

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4
Q

What does dysentery mean?

A

Bloody

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5
Q

What is the vehicle of transmission called?

A

vector

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6
Q

What are common causes of bloody diarrhoea?

A

Rotavirus
Shigella

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7
Q

What are some viruses that can cause diarrhoea?

A

Hepatitis A, hepatitis E, norovirus, rotavirus

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8
Q

What are some common causes of bloody diarrhoea?

A

shigella
e coli
salmonella
campylobacter

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9
Q

What are some common causes of non-bloody diarrhoea?

A

cholera (toxin binds to gut cells, water into gut)
viral causes

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10
Q

What are causes of food poisoning?

A

Clostridium perfringens
Shigella
Campylobacter

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11
Q

what is enteric fever also called?

A

typhoid caused by salmonella

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12
Q

Which E Coli. produce toxins?

A

ETEC (can cause haemolytic uremic syndrome where small blood vessels become damaged and inflamed with clots forming all through body damaging kidneys and organs. No treatment)

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13
Q

What parasite commonly causes diarrhoea

A

Cryptosporidium

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14
Q

How long does norovirus last?

A

1-3 days

(immunity is short-lived)

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15
Q

If ill 3-6 hours after eating infected meal then likely to be ____-mediated

A

toxin

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16
Q

If ill 12-24 hours after eating infected meal then likely to be ____-mediated

A

virus

17
Q

If ill 2-3 days after eating infected meal then likely to be _____-mediated

A

bacteria

18
Q

What infections can be spread in hospital

A

Rotavirus
Norovirus
C. difficile

19
Q

True or false: use alcohol hand gel to prevent spread of c. diff?

A

False
Need to wash hands with soap and water

20
Q

Why does c diff. cause diarrhoea?

A

psuedomembrane of dead gut lining cells. Lose absorbing capacity so ooze liquid into gut.

21
Q

How is c diff spread?

A

Faeco-oral route or through spores in the environment

22
Q

What does SIGHT stand for?

A

Suspect C diff as a cause of diarrhoea?
Isolate the case
Gloves and aprons must be worn
Hand washing with soap and water
Test stool for toxin

23
Q

How to manage c diff

A

Control antibiotic use
Standard infection control procedure
Surveillance and case finding

Isolate, enteric precautions

24
Q

What’s a good sign of dehydration?

A

Lack of turgid skin
low bp

25
Q

Who are at risk groups?

A

Persons of doubtful personal hygiene
Children who attend pre school or nursery
People who work involves preparing or serving unwrapped/uncooked food
HCW/social care staff working with vulnerable people.

26
Q

Have to alter public health if…

A

dysentery diarrhoea

27
Q
A

2a Liver and GI (61 decks)

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