Hernias Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hernia?

A

Protrusion of an organ through a defect in it’s containing cavity (typically bowel)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A hernia can be _____ meaning it can be manually pushed back into place

A

reducible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What may cause an irreducible hernia (can’t be pushed back into place)?

A

Obstructed (intestinal obstruction)

Strangulated (intestinal ischaemia)

Incarcerated (fixed due to sac size or adhesions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name 3 types of hernias

A

Hiatal
Inguinal
Femoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a hiatal hernia?

A

Stomach herniates through diaphragm aperture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does a rolling hiatal hernia refer to?

A

When the lower oesophageal sphincter stays in the abdomen but part of the fundus rolls into thorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does a sliding hiatal hernia refer to?

A

When the lower oesophageal sphincter slides into the abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are symptoms of a hiatal hernia?

A

GORD
dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can a hiatal hernia be diagnosed?

A

Chest Xray
Barium swallow (diagnostic)
OesophagealGastroDuodenoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hiatal hernias are especially seen in…

A

Obese women and over 50s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a femoral hernia?

A

Bowel herniates through femoral cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or false: a femoral hernia is likely to strangulate

A

True
Due to rigid femoral canal borders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Femoral hernias are typically seen in…

A

Females, mid-old age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are symptoms of a femoral hernia?

A

Swelling in upper thigh, pointing down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is a femoral hernia diagnosed?

A

Usually clinically
Abdominal/pelvic ultrasound if unsure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an inguinal hernia?

A

Spermatic cord herniates down though inguinal canal

17
Q

What are risk factors for an inguinal hernia?

A

Male
History of heavy lifting/abdominal pressure

18
Q

What are symptoms of an inguinal hernia?

A

Painful swelling in groin, points along groin margin

19
Q

How is an inguinal hernia diagnosed?

A

Usually clinically
If unsure, abdominal ultrasound or CT/MRI

20
Q

How are hernias treated?

A

Surgery