March 16 test 1 Flashcards
What are the clinical findings seen with aortic stenosis?
SAD:
Syncope
Angina
Dyspnea on exertion
Weak peripheral pulses
Decreased S2 heart sound
Presence of excessive formation of fibrous tissue–especially around a tumor?
Desmoplasia
What is seen on microscopy of a Wilms tumor?
Embryonic glomerular structures
Malignant bone tumor found in younger boy with anapestic small blue cells and an onion skin periosteal reaction in the bone?
Ewing sarcoma
Found in diaphysis of long bones, pelvis, scapula and ribs
What translocation is present with follicular lymphoma–which shows a painless “waxing and waning” lymphadenopathy?
t(14;18) of heavy-chain Ig and BCL-2
What translocation is present in Burkitt lymphoma?
t(8;14)–translocation of c-myc and heavy chain Ig
What congenital anomaly is associated with maternal diabetes?
Transposition of the great arteries
Metastasis to the ovaries that shows cytoplasmic mucin droplet pushing aside the nucleus of an adenocarcinoma cell?
Krukenberg tumor–Spread of stomach cancer to the ovary–usually bilateral involvement of the ovary
Signet ring cells are what is described
8 month old boy presenting with recurrent bacterial and enteroviral infections an has absent B cells in peripheral blood and decreased Ig of all classes?
X-linked (Bruton) agammaglobulinemia–caused by defect in BTK–a tyrosine kinase gene
What adult brain tumor occurs in the frontal lobe and has cells with a “fried egg” appearance?
Oligodendroglioma
Pt presents with bilateral hilar adenopathy on CXR, restrictive lung disease, erythema nudism, hypercalcemia and increased ACE.
Sarcoidosis
Testicular biopsy in Klinefelter syndrome shows?
sparse, completely hyalinized seminiferous tubules with a complete absence of germ cells and only rare Sertoli cells.
new-onset third heart sound in an older patient with a history of myocardial infarction suggests
CHF
What is associated with left sided heart failure?
Pulmonary edema and dyspnea
What is associated with right sided heart failure?
central venous hypertension with pedal edema, hepatosplenomegaly, and sometimes, ascites.
Newborn Girl XX with elevation of androgens, virilization, hypertension, and hypokalemia suggests?
11B-hydroxylase deficiency
Characterized by an XY individual with female phenotype (having breast development but not pubic and axillary hair changes) and absence of a cervix or uterus?
complete androgen resistance (aka androgen insensitivity syndrome, testicular feminization, or female pseudohermaphrodism)
What tumor is associated with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome?
Neuroblastoma
Dancing eyes-dancing feet
What is thought to mediate malignancy-related cachexia through increased catabolism of proteins and fat?
TNF-α (along with interferon-γ and IL-1)
Pulsus paradoxus (decrease of >10 mm Hg in the systolic pressure with inspiration) is characteristic of?
Cardiac tamponade
What two cardiac abnormalities are associated with turners syndrome?
Coarctation of the aorta
Bicuspid aortic valve
