March 16 test 1

Question 1

What are the clinical findings seen with aortic stenosis?

Answer 1

SAD:
Syncope
Angina
Dyspnea on exertion

Weak peripheral pulses
Decreased S2 heart sound

Question 2

Presence of excessive formation of fibrous tissue–especially around a tumor?

Answer 2

Desmoplasia

Question 3

What is seen on microscopy of a Wilms tumor?

Answer 3

Embryonic glomerular structures

Question 4

Malignant bone tumor found in younger boy with anapestic small blue cells and an onion skin periosteal reaction in the bone?

Answer 4

Ewing sarcoma

Found in diaphysis of long bones, pelvis, scapula and ribs

Question 5

What translocation is present with follicular lymphoma–which shows a painless “waxing and waning” lymphadenopathy?

Answer 5

t(14;18) of heavy-chain Ig and BCL-2

Question 6

What translocation is present in Burkitt lymphoma?

Answer 6

t(8;14)–translocation of c-myc and heavy chain Ig

Question 7

What congenital anomaly is associated with maternal diabetes?

Answer 7

Transposition of the great arteries

Question 8

Metastasis to the ovaries that shows cytoplasmic mucin droplet pushing aside the nucleus of an adenocarcinoma cell?

Answer 8

Krukenberg tumor–Spread of stomach cancer to the ovary–usually bilateral involvement of the ovary

Signet ring cells are what is described

Question 9

8 month old boy presenting with recurrent bacterial and enteroviral infections an has absent B cells in peripheral blood and decreased Ig of all classes?

Answer 9

X-linked (Bruton) agammaglobulinemia–caused by defect in BTK–a tyrosine kinase gene

Question 10

What adult brain tumor occurs in the frontal lobe and has cells with a “fried egg” appearance?

Answer 10

Oligodendroglioma

Question 11

Pt presents with bilateral hilar adenopathy on CXR, restrictive lung disease, erythema nudism, hypercalcemia and increased ACE.

Answer 11

Sarcoidosis

Question 12

Testicular biopsy in Klinefelter syndrome shows?

Answer 12

sparse, completely hyalinized seminiferous tubules with a complete absence of germ cells and only rare Sertoli cells.

Question 13

new-onset third heart sound in an older patient with a history of myocardial infarction suggests

Answer 13

CHF

Question 14

What is associated with left sided heart failure?

Answer 14

Pulmonary edema and dyspnea

Question 15

What is associated with right sided heart failure?

Answer 15

central venous hypertension with pedal edema, hepatosplenomegaly, and sometimes, ascites.

Question 16

Newborn Girl XX with elevation of androgens, virilization, hypertension, and hypokalemia suggests?

Answer 16

11B-hydroxylase deficiency

Question 17

Characterized by an XY individual with female phenotype (having breast development but not pubic and axillary hair changes) and absence of a cervix or uterus?

Answer 17

complete androgen resistance (aka androgen insensitivity syndrome, testicular feminization, or female pseudohermaphrodism)

Question 18

What tumor is associated with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome?

Answer 18

Neuroblastoma

Dancing eyes-dancing feet

Question 19

What is thought to mediate malignancy-related cachexia through increased catabolism of proteins and fat?

Answer 19

TNF-α (along with interferon-γ and IL-1)

Question 20

Pulsus paradoxus (decrease of >10 mm Hg in the systolic pressure with inspiration) is characteristic of?

Answer 20

Cardiac tamponade

Question 21

What two cardiac abnormalities are associated with turners syndrome?

Answer 21

Coarctation of the aorta

Bicuspid aortic valve