March 15 test 1

Question 1

What medication used to lower VLDL, LDL, and TGs and increase HDL causes facial flushing?

Answer 1

Niacin

Question 2

What drug is used for the tx of depression but is CI in pts with hx of bulimia/anorexia due to risk of seizures?

Answer 2

Bupropion—increases NE and DA–> is also used for smoking cessation

Question 3

What classes of antiarrhythmias are CI in pts with long QT syndrome?

Answer 3

Class IA and Class III–these can cause prolonged QT and can lead to torsades

K channel blocker affects is what causes the prolonged QT

Question 4

What is the DOC for pts with symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy?

Answer 4

B-blocker–improved diastolic filling, negative inotropic properties and decreased myocardial O2 demand

Question 5

What is the MOA of the tetracyclines?

Answer 5

Bind 30s–prevent attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA

Question 6

What substances is increased with the use of thiazides due to volume depletion and what does this cause?

Answer 6

Aldosterone is increased due to volume depletion which causes hypokalemia and an abnormal EKG–decreased amplitude and broadening of T waves, prominent U waves and premature ventricular contractions

Question 7

What immunosuppressant inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by blocking nucleotide synthesis and interacts with allopurinol?

Answer 7

Azathioprine–antimetabolite precursor of 6-mercaptopurine

Question 8

What 2 drugs are used to stimulate appetite in chemo pts?

Answer 8

Dronabinol and megestrol acetate

Question 9

What are the Disease-modifying agents (DMARDs) used for RA?

Answer 9

Methotrexate, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, leflunomide—used for chronic management of RA

Question 10

Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase and HLA-DR3 and DR4 are associated with what disease?

Answer 10

DM type 1

Question 11

Cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide are alkylating agents that can cause hemorrhagic cystitis, what can be given to prevent this side effect?

Answer 11

Mesna or N-acetylcysteine

Question 12

What drug is used for generalized anxiety disorder and does not cause sedation, addiction or tolerance?

Answer 12

Buspirone

Question 13

A pt has organophosphate poisoning and is given atropine, what effects of the poisoning will still be present after adm. of atropine and what is given to correct this?

Answer 13

This causes increased Ach in synapse because organophosphates are ACHei—atropine will correct all symptoms due to excessive muscarinic stimulation (DUMBBeLSS) but will NOT correct nicotinic receptor stimulation (skeletal muscle and CNS–potentially lethal because of diaphragm paralysis)

Give Pralidoxime (2-PAM), which is the only agent that can correct excessive nicotinic receptor stimulation by restoring AChE function

Question 14

What is zero-order elimination

Answer 14

Rate of elimination is constant regardless of Cp–Linear decrease with time

Question 15

What is first-order elimination

Answer 15

Rate of elimination is directly proportional to the drug concentration –exponential decrease with time

Question 16

What should be given for tx of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)?

Answer 16

Bivalirudin

Question 17

What oral hypoglycemic drug causes a decrease in TGs, increase in HDL and decrease in C-reactive protein and is associated with HF and weight gain?

Answer 17

Glitazones/thiazolidinediones

Question 18

What tx is used for HTN in the context of PCKD?

Answer 18

ACEi and ARBs

Question 19

What is the MOA and the side effects seen with Theophylline?

Answer 19

phosphodiesterase inhibitor that causes nervousness, tremors and tachycardia