Management Process: Directing Flashcards
Leaders should apply techniques, skills, and knowledge of motivational theory to help workers achieve what they want out of work.
Directing
______ is the force within the individual that influences or directs behavior.
Motivation
Motivational Theories (6)
- Maslow’s hierarchy of Needs and Theory of Human Motivation
- Operant Conditioning and Behavior Modification
- Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
- Vroom’s Expectancy Model
- McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
- McClelland’s Three Basic Needs
_______, people are motivated to satisfy certain needs, from basic survival to complex psychological needs, and people seek a higher need only when the lower needs have been met.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Theory of Human Motivation
_______ demonstrated that people could be conditioned to behave in a certain way based on a consistent reward or punishment system
Skinner; Operant Conditioning and Behavior Modification
_______ believed that employees can be motivated by the work itself and that there is an internal or personal need to meet organizational goals.
Frederick Herzberg; Two-Factor Theory
_______, looks at motivation in terms of the person’s valence, or preferences based on social values.
Victor Vroom
A person’s expectations about his or her environment or a certain event will influence behavior.
Vroom’s Expectancy Model
_______ examined the importance of a manager’s assumptions about workers on the intrinsic motivation of the workers.
Douglas McGregor; Theory X and Theory Y
_______ examined what motives guide a person to action.
David McClelland; Three Basic Needs
McClelland’s Three Basic Needs
Achievement-oriented
Affiliation-oriented
Power-oriented
______ people actively focus on improving what is; they transform ideas into action, judiciously and wisely, taking risks when necessary.
Achievement-oriented
______ people focus their energies on families and friends; their overt productivity is less because they view their contribution to society in a different light from those who are achievement oriented.
Affiliation-oriented
______ people are motivated by the power that can be gained as a result of a specific action. They want to command attention, get recognition, and control others.
Power-oriented
______ is the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, by speech, signals, writing, or behavior.
Communication
Channels of communication
Upward
Downward
Horizontal
Diagonal
Grapevine
The manager is a subordinate to higher management.
Upward Communication
The manager relays information to subordinates.
Downward Communication
Managers interact with others on the same hierarchical level as themselves who are managing different segments of the organization.
Horizontal Communication
The manager interacts with personnel and managers of other departments and groups who are not on the same level of the organizational hierarchy.
Diagonal Communication
Flows quickly and haphazardly among people at all hierarchical levels and usually involves three or four people at a time.
Grapevine Communication
Communication Skills
Assertive
Passive
Aggressive
Passive-aggressive
______ communication allows people to express themselves in direct, honest, and appropriate ways that do not infringe on another person’s rights.
Assertive
_______ communication occurs when a person suffers in silence although he or she may feel strongly about the issue.
Passive
______ communication is generally direct, threatening, and condescending.
Aggressive
______ communication is an aggressive message presented in a passive way. This person feigns withdrawal in an effort to manipulate the situation.
Passive-aggressive
SBAR
Situation
Background
Assessment
Recommendation
Principles for Social Networking and the Nurse
Nurses must not transmit or place online individually identifiable patient information.
Nurses must observe ethically prescribed professional patient–nurse boundaries.
Nurses should understand that patients, colleagues, institutions, and employers may view postings.
Nurses should take advantage of privacy settings and seek to separate personal and professional information online.
Nurses should bring content that could harm a patient’s privacy, rights, or welfare to the attention of appropriate authorities.
Nurses should participate in developing institutional policies governing online conduct.
______ is getting work done through others or as directing the performance of one or more people to accomplish organizational goals.
Delegation
5 Rights in Delegation
Right Task
Right Circumstances
Right Person
Right Direction or Communication
Right Level of Supervision
Criteria for Delegation to Unlicensed Personnel
1) Frequently recur in the daily care of a client or group of clients
2) Are performed according to an established (standardized) sequence of step
3) Involve little or no modification from one client-care situation to another
4) Maybe performed with a predictable outcome
5) Do not inherently involve ongoing assessment, interpretation, or decision making which cannot be logically separated from the procedure(s) itself
6) Do not endanger the health or well-being of clients are allowed by agency policy/procedures
Do delegate
ADLs
Range of motion/positioning
Data collection (intake and output, weight, etc.)
Don’t delegate
Assessments and reassessments
Care planning and evaluation
When to contact physician, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant
______ generally defined as the internal or external discord that results from differences in ideas, values, or feelings between two or more people
Conflict
______ is neither good nor bad, and it can produce growth or destruction, depending on how it is managed.
Conflict
Categories of Conflict
Intergroup Conflict
Intrapersonal Conflict
Interpersonal Conflict
______ conflict occurs between two or more groups of people, departments, and organizations.
Intergroup
______ conflict occurs within the person. It involves an internal struggle to clarify contradictory values or wants.
Intrapersonal
______ conflict happens between two or more people with differing values, goals, and beliefs and may be closely linked with bullying, incivility, and mobbing.
Interpersonal
______ is repeated, offensive, abusive, intimidating, or insulting behaviors; abuse of power; or unfair sanctions that make recipients feel humiliated, vulnerable, or threatened, thus creating stress and undermining their self-confidence.
Bullying
______ is behavior that lacks authentic respect for others that requires time, presence, willingness to engage in genuine discourse and intention to seek common ground.
Incivility
______ occurs when employees “gang up” on an individual.
Mobbing
When bullying, incivility, and mobbing occur in the workplace, this is known as ______.
Workplace Violence
Conflict Resolution Strategies
Avoiding
Collaborating
Compromising
Competing
Cooperating
Smoothing
______ parties involved are aware of a conflict but choose not to acknowledge it or attempt to resolve it.
Avoiding
______ all parties set aside their original goals and work together to establish a supraordinate or priority common goal.
Collaborating
______ each party gives up something it wants.
Compromising
______ one party pursues what it wants at the expense of others.
Competing
______ one party sacrifices his or her beliefs and allows the other party to win.
Cooperating
______ one party in a conflict attempts to pacify the other party or to focus on agreements rather that differences.
Smoothing
