Management Flashcards
September 6, 2024
Work should be studied scientifically to determine the method of task performance that would yield maximum work output with minimum work expenditure.
Scientific Management
The father of scientific management
Frederick W. Taylor
4 Overriding Principles of Scientific Management
- Traditional “rule of thumb” means of organizing work must be replaced with scientific methods.
- A scientific personnel system must be established so that workers can be hired, trained, and promoted based on their technical competence and abilities.
- Workers should be able to view how they fit into the organization and how they contribute to overall organizational productivity.
- The relationship between managers and workers should be cooperative and interdependent, and the work should be shared equally.
Need for legalized, formal authority and consistent rules and regulations for personnel in different positions
Bureaucracy
_____ developed the Theory of Social and Economic Organization advocated Bureaucracy
Max Weber (1922)
_____ first identified the management functions of planning, organization, command, coordination, and control.
Henri Fayol (1925)
_____ expanded on Fayol’s management functions in his introduction of the “Seven Activities of Management”
Luther Gulick (1937)
“Seven Activities of Management”
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Directing
Controlling
Reporting
Budgeting
_____ determines philosophy, goals, objectives, policies, procedures, and rules; carrying out long- and short-range projections; determining a fiscal course of action; and managing planned change.
Planning
_____ establishes the structure to carry out plans, determining the most appropriate type of patient care delivery, and grouping activities to meet unit goals.
Organizing
_____ consists of recruiting, interviewing, hiring, and orienting staff, scheduling, staff development, employee socialization, and team building.
Staffing
_____ consists of motivating, managing conflict, delegating, communicating, and facilitating collaboration.
Directing
_____ functions include performance appraisals, fiscal accountability, quality control, legal and ethical control, and professional and collegial control.
Controlling
14 Principles of Management
- Division of work
- Authority
- Discipline
- Unity of command
- Unity of direction
- Subordination of individual interest to general interest
- Remuneration
- Centralization or Decentralization
- Scalar chain/line of authority
- Order
- Equity
- Stability of tenure personnel
- Initiative
- Esprit de corps
_____ was one of the first theorists to suggest participative management.
Mary Parker Follett (1926)
Managers should have authority with, rather than over, employees.
Participative Management
_____ looked at the relationship between light illumination in the factory and productivity.
Elton Mayo and his Harvard associates (1927-1932)
_____ indicates that people respond to the fact that they are being studied, attempting to increase whatever behavior.
Hawthorne Effect
_____, _____ posited that managerial attitudes about employees can be directly correlated with employee satisfaction.
Douglas McGregor (1960); X and Y theory
Theory X
Authoritarian
Theory Y
liberating and developmental, achievement-driven
If self-esteem and independence needs are not met, employees will become discouraged and troublesome or may leave the organization.
Employee Participation
_____, managerial domination causes workers to become discouraged and passive
Chris Argyris (1964)
Principle of Management:
Allows specialization
Division of Work
Principle of Management:
Right to command balanced with responsibility and accountability
Authority
Principle of Management:
Employees will only obey orders if management play their part by providing good leadership.
Discipline
Principle of Management:
There should only be one bosswith no conflicting lines of command.
Unity of Command
Principle of Management:
People engaged in the same kind of activities must have the same objectives in a single plan.
Unity of Direction
Principle of Management:
The goals of the firms are always paramount.
Subordination of individual interest to general interest
Principle of Management:
Payment is and important motivator.
Remuneration
Principles of Management:
Depends on the condition of the business and the quality of its personnel.
Centralization or Decentralization
Principle of Management:
Refers to the number of levels in the hierarchy
Scalar Chain or Line of Authority
Principle of Management:
Both material order (minimizes lost time and useless handling of materials) and social order (organization and selection) are necessary.
Order
Principle of Management:
Employees should be treated well to achieve equity.
Equity
Principle of Management:
Job security and career progress are important for employees to work better.
Stability of Tenure Personnel
Principle of Management:
Allow personnel to show their initiative, it may be a source of strength for the organization.
Initiative
Principle of Management:
Management should foster the morals of the employees.
Esprit de corps
