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4 Craniofacial biology > Malocclusion > Flashcards

Malocclusion Flashcards

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1
Q

what counts as normal occlusion?

A

minor deviations from the ideal that do not constitute aesthetic or functional problems

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2
Q

what is malocclusion?

A

appreciable deviations from the ideal that may be considered aesthetically or functionally unsatisfactory

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3
Q

what is an overbite?

A

vertical overlap

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4
Q

what is an overjet?

A

horizontal overlap

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

what are the 2 occlusal classifications

A

angles molar classification
British standard institutes incisor classification

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7
Q

what is class I angles molar classification?

A

mesiobuccal cusp of upper 6 in line with anterior buccal groove of lower 6

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8
Q

what is class II angles molar classification?

A

mesiobuccal cusp of upper 6 anterior to anterior buccal groove of lower 6

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9
Q

what is class III angles molar classification?

A

mesiobuccal cusp of upper 6 posterior to anterior buccal groove of lower 6

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10
Q

what is class I incisor classification?

A

lower incisal edge occludes with or just below cingulum plateau of upper 1

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11
Q

what is class II incisor classification?

A

lower incisal edge lies posterior to cingulum plateau of upper 1

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12
Q

what is class II div I incisor classification?

A

overjet is increased and upper 1s normally proclined

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13
Q

what is class II div II incisor classification?

A

overjet is minimal and upper 1s normally retroclined

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14
Q

what is class III incisor classification?

A

lower incisal edge occludes anterior to cingulum plateau of upper 1

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15
Q

what skeletal factors cause malocclusion?

A

anteroposterior -> maxilla/mandible defficient/excess

vertical -> increased/decreased lower face height

transverse -> narrowed maxilla

cleft lip and palate -> class III

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16
Q

what skeletal factors cause postero-anterior malocclusion (class II and III)?

A

mandible excess or deficient
maxilla excess or deficient

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17
Q

what tells us if the mandible or maxilla is in excess or deficient?

A

cephalometric testing

18
Q

what causes an increased frankfurt horizontal line?

A

Anterior open bite
Tongue thrust

19
Q

how is increased or decreased lower face height clinically estimated?

A

by looking at Frankfurt horizontal plane and the line of the lower jaw. They should meet at the back of the skull

20
Q

what causes skeletal transverse malocclusion?

A

maxilla is narrowed relative to mandible
causing cross-bite

21
Q

how is a narrowed maxilla treated?

A

maxillary expansion

22
Q

what is supernumeraries?

A

too many teeth

23
Q

what is the most common form of supernumeraries?

A

conical supernumerary -> tooth between upper 1s

24
Q

what is oligodontia?

A

too little teeth

25
Q

what is the most common form of oligodontia?

A

upper 2s and lower 5s and 1s

26
Q

what genetic condition is linked to oligodontia?

A

Ectodermal dysplasia
also linked to less hair and sweat glands

27
Q

what is common transposition in the upper arch?

A

canine erupted in front of 6

28
Q

what is common transposition in the lower arch?

A

canine erupting between 1 and 2

29
Q

what is gemination?

A

Two teeth develop from one tooth germ

30
Q

what is macrodont?

A

huge tooth e.g. central incisor

31
Q

what is odontome?

A

abnormal crown morphology e.g. of a canine

32
Q

what can cause loss of permanent teeth?

A

Trauma
Compromised teeth e.g. extra cusp

33
Q

what is submergence of deciduous teeth?

A

Deciduous tooth fused to cortical bone, tooth progressively submerges, rest of teeth develop and the tooth becomes burried

34
Q

early loss of deciduous teeth causes what?

A

mesial drift: e.g. E lost early, 6 drift mesially so 5 unable to erupt

35
Q

what problem does retention of deciduous teeth cause?

A

permanent teeth unable to erupt, remove tooth, make space and expose permanent tooth

36
Q

what does a tongue thrust cause?

A

Occlusion posteriorly but teeth don’t meet anteriorly

37
Q

what is an adaptive tongue thrust?

A

On swallowing the tongue thrusts forward to create an anterior seal

38
Q

what is endogenous tongue thrust?

A

tongue thrust not adapting to malocclusion

39
Q

what does digit sucking do?

A

Proclined upper incisors
Retroclined lower incisors

40
Q

what does a fleshy frenum cause?

A

Usually in maxillary arch and causes a median diastema

4 Craniofacial biology (20 decks)

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