Craniofacial developmental disorders Flashcards
what is hydrocephaly?
increase intracranial pressure due to build up of CSF in ventricles of the brain
what is microcephaly?
decreased intra-cranial pressure due to incomplete development leading to small brain and skull
what is craniosynostoses?
premature fusion of bones in the skull
what is Apert’s syndrome?
craniosynostoses
Early coronal fusion causing brain to expand anteriorly and posteriorly
what is plagiocephaly?
craniosynostoses
Early sagittal and coronal fusion
what is trigonocephaly?
craniosynostoses
Early temporal fusion
what is clover-leaf skull?
Early parietal/temporal fusion
what are synchondroses?
are primary growth sites for endochondral ossification
what is endochondral ossification?
cartilage grows then is replaced by bone
name 3 primary growth centres
Sphenooccipital synchondroses
Intersphenoid
Sphenoethmoidal
Homeobox genes
Contain encoding for ?? involved in patterning, induction and apoptosis and control epithelial/mesenchymal interaction
Does this by directing the migration of ???
Tooth development
- ? and ? involved in initiation, patterning and morphodifferentiation of tooth buds
transcription factors
neural crest cells
MSX1
MSX2
name 3 conditions from disturbances in craniofacial development
Treacher Collins syndrome
hemifacila microsomia
orofacial clefts (OFC)
what is Treacher Collins syndrome?
Deficiency in condylar process, coronoid process, and zygoma
what is hemifacial microsomia?
Deficiency in one side -> hemifacial
