Developmental Anomalies Flashcards
what is hypodontia?
missing teeth as a result of them failing to develop
what is anodontia?
total lack of teeth
what is oligodontia?
more than 6 teeth are absent
what are supernumeries?
extra teeth
what is a mesiodens?
extra tooth in the midline
normally peg shaped
what are suplemental teeth?
extral teeth that look like normal teeth
what is a conical supernumery?
extra tooth that looks like a cone, can be inverted and migrate
what is a tuberculate supernumery?
extra teeth that possesses more than one cusp or barrel shaped
what is microdontia? what tooth is most affected?
small tooth, including peg shaped teeth
lateral incisors most affected
macrodontia
what are double teeth
either
fusion of two separate tooth germs
or
two teeth develop from one tooth germ (gemination)
how to tell the difference clinically between double teeth from fusion or gemination
if fusion then one less tooth
if gemination then extra crown
this shows double teeth
what is dens en dente
localised area of crown folded inwards
also called dens invaginatus
clinical implication of dens en dente
caries risk so important to spot
what is this?
dens en dente
what is a talon cusp?
evagination (projection) of the tooth
remember
talon cusps can have its own pulp -> don’t use high speed to shave down
what is amelogenesis imperfecta?
Defects in the function of ameloblasts and mineralisation of enamel matrix
what are the two categories for amelogenesis imperfecta?
hypoplastic
hypomineralised
describe hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta
thin, but hard enamel with normal bond strength
what is the clinical appearance of hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta?
thin, patchy rough aspect of the enamel layer
teeth different shape
what is the radiographic appearance of hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta?
hypoplasia of the enamel layer (not developed properly)
what is the difference between generalised and localised hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta?
localised is limited to part of the crown
what is this
hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta
as teeth different shape
what is hypomineralised amelogenesis imperfecta?
full thickness enamel, but very soft with impaired bond strength
what are the two types of hypomineralised amelogenesis imperfecta?
hypocalcified
hypomature
what is the clinical appearance of hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta?
enamel only on the cervical part after eruption
what is the radiographic appearance of hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta?
normal enamel thickness before eruption. Enamel radiolucency slightly higher than dentine
what is the clinical appearance of hypomature amelogenesis imperfecta?
chalky appearance with orange, brown or white colour
what is the radiographic appearance of hypomature amelogenesis imperfecta?
normal enamel thickness, radiolucency slightly higher than dentine
what is this?
hypomaturature amelogenesis imperfecta
what is this?
hypomineralised amelogenesis imperfecta
as normal shape but broken down after eruption
what are the categories of dentinogenesis imperfecta?
type I, II and III
what is type I dentinogenesis imperfecta?
associated with osteogenesis imperfecta (weak bones)
Teeth are difficult to restore and don’t want to remove them
what is type II dentinogenesis imperfecta?
dentinogenesis on its own - not associated with anything else
what is type III dentinogenesis imperfecta?
“Brandywine isolate” another form of type II that is slightly rarer
what is the clinical appearance of dentinogenesis imperfecta in primary dentition?
Colour: amber
Attrition: worn teeth due to tooth on tooth contact
Pulp obliteration
Spontaneous abscesses
what is the clinical appearance of dentinogenesis imperfecta in permanent dentition?
Colour: grey/translucent
Short roots
Pulp obliteration
Spontaneous abscesses
what are the main clinical problems with dentinogenesis imperfecta?
Poor aesthetics
Chipping enamel
Exposure of dentine
Poor OH
Pain and infection, pulpal necrosis
what is this?
dentinogenesis imperfecta
(type 1)
what is this?
dentinogenesis imperfecta
(type 1)
what is this?
dentinogenesis imperfecta
short roots
(type II)
what is this?
dentinogenesis imperfecta
short roots
(type II)
what is Molar incisor hypomineralisation?
Developmental defect in enamel structure (less mineral) due to disruption to late stage of amelogenesis
clinical presentation of molar incisor hypomineralisation
Demarcated enamel opacities, ranging in colour from white to yellow/brown
Can appear hypoplastic
Patient c/o breakdown of teeth, sensitivity, aesthetic concerns, failed restorations
what is this?
molar incisor hypomineralisation
what causes dental fluorosis?
Digestion of high fluoride concentrations during amelogenesis
clinical presentation of dental fluorosis
Irregular enamel opacities, stained if severe
what is this?
fluorosis
what is turner’s tooth?
Hypoplastic enamel of successional resulting from trauma/infection of a primary tooth
what is this?
turner’s tooth
what is dilaceration of tooth? cause?
Sharp bend or angulation in crown/root
Results from trauma of primary tooth disrupting developing successor
what is this?
dilaceration of tooth
what are metabolic abnormalities?
treatment or illness induced
what is in the category quantitative developmental abnormalities?
hypodontia
supernumeries
what is in the category developmental abnormalities: size and shape?
microdontia
macrodontia: double teeth, dens en dente, talon cusps
what is in the category hereditary structural developmental abnormalities?
amelogenesis imperfecta
dentinogenesis imperfecta
what is in the category non-hereditary structural developmental abnormalities?
molar incisor hypomineralisation
dental fluorosis
tuner’s tooth
dilaceration of tooth
metabolic abnormalities
