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ISAP > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the components of the male external genitalia.

A
  1. Glans penis.
  2. Body of penis.
  3. Testis.
  4. Prepuce (foreskin).
  5. Corpus spongiosum.
  6. Corpus cavernosum.
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2
Q

Identify the components of the male duct system.

A
  1. Epididymis.
  2. Prostatic urethra.
  3. Vas (ductus) deferens.
  4. Ejactulatory duct.
  5. Spongy (penile) urethra.
  6. Membranous urethra.
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3
Q

Identify the accessory glands of the male reproductive system.

A
  1. Prostate.
  2. Seminal vesicle.
  3. Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland.
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4
Q

What is the tunica albuginea and describe its location.

A

It is a white fibrous connective tissue coat on the surface of the testis.

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5
Q

What structures, responsible for the production of sperm, are found within each lobule?

A

Seminiferous tubules.

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6
Q

Name the endocrine cells which are located within the lobules and what hormone do they secrete?

A

Interstitial cells (Leydig)-testosterone.

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7
Q

What structures do the spermatozoa pass from the seminiferous tubules into the vas deferens?

A
  1. Seminiferous tubules. 2. Straight tubules (tubules rectus). 3. Rete testis. 4. Efferent ductules. 5. Head of epididymis. 6. Body of epididymis. 7. Tail of epididymis. 8. Vas deferens.
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8
Q

What type of epithelium lines the inside of the epididymis?

A

Pseudostratified columnar with elongated microvilli, known as stereocilia.

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9
Q

Why are stereocilia located in the epididymis?

A

To increase surface area of epithelium in order to absorb fluid, NOT movement.

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10
Q

What is the function of the epididymis?

A

Also storage of sperm, phagocytosis of degenerating sperm, final maturation of sperm.

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11
Q

How are sperm moved through the epididymis?

A

Muscular contractions of its smooth muscle wall.

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12
Q

What structures are found in the spermatic cord?

A
  • the ductus deferens.
  • testicular artery.
  • nerves.
  • lymphatics.
  • pampiniform plexus.
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13
Q

Describe the pathway of the ductus deferens from testis to bladder.

A

Runs up through the spermatic cord, enters the pelvic cavity via the inguinal canal, travels over and behind the urinary bladder towards the prostate gland from the posterior aspect.

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14
Q

Which accessory gland has a duct that unites with the ampulla to form the ejaculatory duct?

A

Seminal vesicle.

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15
Q

The end of the ductus deferens enlarges to form the…

A

Ampulla.

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16
Q

The ejaculatory duct runs through which gland, to open into the urethra?

A

Prostate.

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17
Q

How are sperm able to travel through the length of the tube during an ejactulation, considering they are still not motile?

A

Peristaltic contractions of the smooth muscle layers.

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18
Q

Describe the appearance of the erectile tissue of the penis.

A

Vascular sinusoids (spaces) that fill with blood.

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19
Q

Which column of erectile tissue contains the urethra?

A

Corpus spongiosum.

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20
Q

The proximal end of the corpus spongiosum expands slightly to form the bulb of the penis. Which accessory gland is found near the bulb?

A

Bulbourethral gland.

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21
Q

The corpus spongiosum expands at the distal end of the penis to form which structure?

A

The gland penis.

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22
Q

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system stimulates erection?

A

Parasympathetic.

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23
Q

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system stimulates emission?

A

Sympathetic.

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24
Q

What is the name of the thickened layer of white fibrous tissue surrounding the corpora cavernosa? And what is its role?

A

Tunica albuginea, allows compression of veins during erection.

25
Q

What is the function of fibrinolysin?

A

Dissolves the coagulated sperm.

26
Q

What is the function of seminalplasmin?

A

Antimicrobial.

27
Q

What is the function of fructose, other nutrients and citric acid?

A

Nourishes sperm.

28
Q

What is the function of fibrinogen (fibrin)?

A

Coagulation of semen (stickiness).

29
Q

What is the function of prostaglandins?

A

Uterine contractions to transport sperm.

30
Q

What is the function of alkaline mucus?

A

Lubricates and neutralises pH in urethra, lubrication during intercourse.

31
Q

What % of the prostate gland contributes to semen and what is the composition?

A
  • 30%.

- fibrinolysin and seminalplasmin.

32
Q

What % of the seminal vesicles contributes to semen and what is the composition?

A
  • 60%.
  • fructose, other nutrients, citric acid.
  • fibrinogen (fibrin).
  • prostaglandins.
33
Q

What % of the bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s) contributes to semen and what is the composition?

A
  • 5%.

- alkaline mucus.

34
Q

Accessory glands contribute ~95% of the volume of seminal fluid. What makes up the last 5%?

A

Sperm from the testes.

35
Q

What is the purpose of the semen clotting just after ejaculation?

A

To keep the deposited semen in place in the vagina.

36
Q

What is the average volume of a normal ejaculation?

A

2-5ml.

37
Q

What is the overall pH of semen?

A

Alkaline (7.2-8.0).

38
Q

Why do the spermatogonia divide into seperate ‘A’ and ‘B’ daughter cells?

A

‘A’ replenishes the stem cell pool, ‘B’ will become a primary spermatocyte.

39
Q

What is the role of the Sertoli cells during spermatogenesis?

A

Secretion of growth factors and nutrients for the developing sperm. Secretes ABP.

40
Q

What is the role of Androgen Binding Protein, what cell produces it?

A

Sertoli cells produce ABP to increase levels of testosterone near seminiferous tubules.

41
Q

What is the approximate length of sperm (head to tail)?

A

~50-55um.

42
Q

Spermiogenesis.

A

Spermatid becomes a spermatozoa (head, mid-piece, tail and acrosome).

43
Q

Sperm head.

A

Contains chromosomes.

44
Q

Sperm mid-piece.

A

Contains the mitochondria.

45
Q

Sperm tail.

A

Propel the sperm forward.

46
Q

Sperm acrosome.

A

Contains enzymes to help penetrate ovum.

47
Q

Sperm mitochondria.

A

Produce ATP required for movement.

48
Q

What stimulates FSH and LH secretion?

A

GnRH.

49
Q

What is the effect of LH secretion in the male?

A

Stimulates testosterone secretion by interstitial (leydig) cells of testis.

50
Q

What is the effect of FSH secretion in the male?

A

Binds to sustentacular (Sertoli) cells of seminiferous tubules, causes the production of ABP.

51
Q

Describe the effect of testosterone on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary.

A

Inhibition of GnRH and reduction in FSH and LH.

52
Q

Where is inhibin produced and what is its role?

A

Sustentacular cells and inhibits FSH secretion.

53
Q

What are sustentacular cells also known as?

A

Sertoli cells.

54
Q

Where are Sertoli cells found?

A

In the seminiferous tubules.

55
Q

Where are leydig cells found?

A

Adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testis.

56
Q

LH targets?

A

Leydig cells.

57
Q

FSH targets?

A

Sertoli cells.

58
Q

What do leydig cells produce?

A

Testosterone.

59
Q

What do Sertoli cells do?

A

Spermatogenesis.

ISAP (13 decks)

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