Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IUSM Histology > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

First Page

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the epithelium of seminiferous tubules?

A

4-8 layers of germinal epithelium with spermatogneic cells and sertoli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are leydig cells located in the seminiferous tubules? What are their defining characteristics? What do they produce?

A

Located in the interstitial areas between seminiferous tubules. They are acidophilic with large central nuclei and abundant smooth ER and lipid droplets. Produce and secrete testosterone from cholesterol esters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What stimulates testosterone secretion? What method of secretion? (endocrine or exocrine?)

A

Stimulated by lutenizing hormone from the pituitary gland. Endocrine secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a sertoli cell? What is is its key features?

A

Sertoli cell is a support cell for spermatogenic cells. Tall columnar cell, pale, oval, indented nucleus with large nucleolus. Prominant organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why do sertoli cells form junctions, and what do they form junction with?

A

Forms junctions (zona occludens) with other sertoli cells for dividing seminiferous tubule into a basal and adluminal compartment - blood testes barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can a sertoli cell do?

A

Phagocytose excess cytoplasm of maturing spermatids,

secrete fructose rich fluid that transports speratozoa through sem. tubules.

Synthesize and secrete Androgen-binding protein which concentrates testosterone

Synthesize and secrete inhibin - inhibits synthesis and release of FSH by anterior pituitary

Synth. and secrete testicular transferrin - accepts iron from serum transferrin and gives to maturing gamates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What kind of receptors do sertoli cells have?

A

FSH receptors on plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the purpose of the blood-testis barrier?

A

Protecting developing sperm from immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When does sperm production begin? what is present before?

A

Puberty, spermategonia present before

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three phases of sperm development?

A

Spermatogonial (spermatogenesis), spermatocyte (meiosis), and spermatid (spermiogenesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Intercellular bridges

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the wave-like sequences

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Are spermatogonia diploid or haploid? How many chromosomes?

A

Diploid, 46 chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the difference between pale and dark type A spermatogonia

A

Pale type are mitotically active and give rise to more Ap or B cells. Dark cells are mitotically inactive and are essentially stored in the G0 phase - can resume mitosis to produce pale A cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is special about Dark type A cells in terms of cancer?

A

They are chemo/radiation resistant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a Type B spermatogonia?

A

Type B undergo mitosis and are precursor to primary spermatocyte.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is characteristic of type B spermatogonia in terms of chromatin?

A

Stays in large clumps arlong nuclear envolope with a central nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

List in order the cell development of sperm from Ad to Spermatozoa

A

Ad -> Ap - >B - > Secondary spermotocyte - > spermatids - > spermatozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When do primary spermatocytes migrate to adluminal compartment?

A

Once they have formed duplicate chromosomes and have 2x 2n DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What forms while primary spermatocytes migrate?

A

Form zonula occludens with sertoli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How many sperm does each spermatogonia form?

A

4 sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many cells divisions are in spermatogenesis? How many DNA replications?

A

2 cell divisions, 1 DNA replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe the meiosis phase of spermatogenesis (I and II)

A

Primary spermatocytes reduce from diploid to haploid as one chromosome with 2 chromatids divides into each 2 degree spermatocyte.

2nd division results in 2 spermatids with no replication, such that each spermatid contains a single stranded chromatid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are spermatids?

A

Haploid cells with only 1N DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where are spermatids formed?

A

Near the lumen of the seminiferous tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the features of a spermatid cell?

A

Regions of condensed chromatin, very condensed nuclei - centriole pair, mitochondria, free ribosomes, sER and well developed Golgi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How long does Meiosis I last? Where does it occur?

A

22 days in primary spermatocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the five stages of Meiosis I?

A

Leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, diakinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Describe the basics of each stage of prophase in meiosis I

A

Leptotene - chromatins condense

Zygotene - homologous chromosomes form synaptonemal complex allowing for crossing-over

Pachytene - chromatids are visible and crossing-over begins

Diplotene - Chromosome condenses further and chiasmata are evident

Diakinesis - nucleolus disappears and nuclear envelope disintegrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the most similar phase between mitosis and meiosis I?

A

Metaphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the differences between anaphase and telophase of mitosis and meiosis I

A

Chromosomes do not split! Instead, paired chromatids stay together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the biggest difference between Meiosis II and mitosis?

A

No DNA synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the four phases of cytodifferentiation of spermatids to spermatozoa?

A

Golgi phase, cap phase, acrosomal phase, maturation phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Golgi phase

A
36
Q

Golgi phase

A
37
Q

Cap phase

A
38
Q

Cap phase

A
39
Q

What condenses in the acrosomal phase? How is this accomplished?

A

Nucleus condenses and flattens towards head. This is accomplished by a temporary cylinder of microtubules called the manchette which aids in replacing HISTONES with PROTAMINES. Prot. 1 and 2 allow for a high order of chromatin packaging. Mitochondria aggregate around proximal flagellum - whole process makes sperm efficient for fertilization

40
Q

Maturation phase

A
41
Q

Maturation phase

A
42
Q

Maturation phase

A
43
Q

Maturation phase

A

***Maturation phase

44
Q

Maturation phase

A

Maturation phase

45
Q

Describe flow from seminiferous tubules to ductus deferens. Include epithelium transitions.

A

Tubuli recti transitions from sertoli cells to simple cuboidal epithlium with microvilli and single cilium.

Rete testis - simple cuboidal epithlium, some with single luminal cilia

Efferent ductules - “psudostratified columnar” epithelium with alternatign clusters of nonciliated cuboidal cells and ciliated columnar

46
Q

WHat is the purpose of non-ciliated cells in the ductules leading to the ductus deferens?

A

Absorb fluid secreted by seminiferous tubules

47
Q

Excretory genital tracts

A
48
Q

Excretory genital tracts

A
49
Q

Excretory genital tracts

A
50
Q

Excretory genital tracts

A
51
Q

Excretory genital tracts

A
52
Q

Excretory genital tracts

A
53
Q

Ductus

A
54
Q

Ductus

A
55
Q

Seminal vescles

A
56
Q

Seminal vesicles

A
57
Q

What is the main gland contributing to seminal fluid?

A

The seminal vesicle (70%)

58
Q

What does the secretory product of the seminal vesicle do?

A

Activates sperm (contains fructose)

59
Q

What is the epithelium of seminal vesicles? What determines the hieght of epithelium?

A

Psudeostratified columnar epithelium. Varies with testosterone

60
Q

What is a distinguishing feature of seminal vesicle cells?

A

Highly foled mucosa and yellow lipochrome pigment granules and secretory granules

61
Q

Lamina propria and adventitia

A
62
Q

The ejaculatory duct is the straight continuation of the _______

A

Ductus deferens

63
Q

What empties into the ejaculatry duct?

A

The seminal vesicle

64
Q

Is the ejaculatory duct muscular?

A

No

65
Q

What is the termination point of the ejacuatory duct in the prostatic urethra?

A

The colliculus seminalis

66
Q

What is the relationship of the prstate gland to the prostatic urethra?

A

Prostate surrounds urethra

67
Q

What is the epithelium of the prostate?

A

Psudostratified columnar with patches of cuboidal or squamous. Have numerous lysosomes and secretory granules

68
Q

What do the basal cells along the basal lamina of the prostate produce?

A

Produce a high molecular weight keratin, changes are important histologically for diagnosis of normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic prostate

69
Q

What is the ringed structure in the prostate gland?

A

The corpora amylacia

70
Q

What does the corpora amylacia contain?

A

Concentrations in lumen ofglycoprotein that can become calcified

71
Q

What does the prostate secrete? What regulates its secretion?

A

Thin fluid with proteolytic enzymes (fibrinolysin), citric acid, acid phophatase and lipids. Regulated by dihydrotestosterone

72
Q

What can elevate prostatic specific antigen levels?

A

Infection, cancer, many other things, NOT JUST CANCER

73
Q

What arethe discrete units of the prostate gland?

A

Branched tubuloalveolar glands arranged in three concentric layers around the urethra

74
Q

What are the differences of entry of mucosal and submucosal and main secretions from the prostate?

A

Mucosal secretes directly, submucosal dsecretes into ducts and prostatic sinus

75
Q

Why is the fibroelastic capsule of the prostate important?

A

Can contain prostatic cancer and prevent it from metasticizing

76
Q

Does the prostatic capsule contain smooth muscle?

A

Yes

77
Q

Where are Cowper’s glands located?

A

Adjacent to the membraneous urethra

78
Q

What is another name for the bulbourethral gland?

A

Cowper’s glands

79
Q

What is the secretion of the bulbourethral gland?

A

Alkaline mucous type secretions

80
Q

What is the epithelium of bulbourethral glands?

A

Simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium

81
Q

What important structures have fibroelastic capsules?

A

The prostate and the bulbourethral gland

82
Q

What kind of muscle is contained in Cowper’s glands?

A

Both smooth and skeletal

83
Q

What are the major components of the reproductive system/

A

Testes, epididymis + genital ducts, accessory reproductive glands (prostate, bulbourethral glands, seminal vesicles) and penis

84
Q

Where are seminiferous tubules located?

A

In the testis

85
Q

What is the purpose of the pampiniform plexus with respect to their position of the testicular artery

A

Heat exchange to keep testis cool

86
Q

What are the tunics of the testes and how are they layered?

A

Tunica vaginalous - serous sac that partially covers anterior and lateral surfaces

Tunica albuginea - thick, fibrous connective tissue capsule - same level: Mediastinum testis - posterior thickening of TA - forms testicular lobules

Tunica vasculosa - Highly vascular layer of loose CT

87
Q

The pyramidal shaped compartments separated by incomplete septa with 1-4 seminiferous tubules is called a ____________

A

Testicular Lobule

IUSM Histology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions