Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IUSM Histology > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 5 functions of the integument

A

protection

thermoregulation

sensory organ

metabolic

excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

vitamin D synthesis in epidermis, energy storage (fat-triglycerides in the hypodermis)

A

metabolic function of the integument

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where is thick skin found?

A

palms of hand and soles of feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is NOT found in thick skin?

A

hair follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is thin skin found?

A

everywhere except for the palms of hand and soles of feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do keratinocytes produce?

A

keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the 5 epidermal layers from bottom to top (in thick skin).

A

stratum basale (stratum germinativum)

stratum spinosum

stratum granulosum

stratum lucidum

stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What epidermal layer is absent in thin skin?

A

stratum lucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which epidermal layer is a single layer of columnar to cuboidal cells?

A

stratum basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cells in the stratum basale contain numerous types of what filaments?

A

intermediate filaments (tonofilaments)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cells in the stratum basale contain which types of cell junctions.

A

dermosomes and hemidesmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cells in the stratum spinosum are shaped like what?

A

cuboidal, polygonal, to slightly flattened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cell processes in the stratum spinsosum are filled with?

A

intermediate filaments (terminate with desmosomes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do cells in the stratum spinosum accumulate with?

A

fibrillar protein (cytokeratin) that aggregate to form tonofibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do cells in the stratum granulosum look like?

A

flattened polygonal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cytoplasm of stratum granulosom cells have what?

A

basophilic keratohyaline granules and lamellar granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

glycolipid (acylglucoceramide)

A

serves as a penetration barrier to foreign materials and to maintain hydration of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

thin layer of eosinophilic, newly keratinized cells

A

stratum lucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

transformation product of keratohyalin

A

eleidin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

15-20 layers of flattened nonnucleated cells filled with keratin

A

stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

squames

A

dead flattened cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If epidermis is injured, which cells migrate and divide to cover the wound

A

basal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

necessary for proper skin healing as it is a factor needed for keratinocyte differentiation

A

Vitamin A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

1st degree burns extend to which layer?

A

stratum lucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

2nd degree burns extend down to which layer

A

S. basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

3rd degree burns extend into the?

A

dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are expressed as keratinocytes differentiate

A

different keratins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

secreted to form multilayered lipid layer on the outside of the cell membrane in the S. granulosum

A

glycolipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What links to the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane in the s. corneum?

A

a protein complex of involucrin-small proline-rich-loricrin complex and keratin-filagrin aggregates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Pigment producing cells of the S. basale are derived from?

A

neural crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

pigment producing cells of the S. basale

A

melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

melanocytes rest on the ________and send processes into the _________

A

b. lamina
s. spinosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

melanin are produced by which cells

A

melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

cytocrine secretion

A

how melanocytes distribute melanin to other cells and hair via their processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

pigment granules are ________ by melanocytes and _________by keratinocytes

A

exocytosed

endocytosed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

melanin formation occurs within

A

melanosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

enzymes needed for melanin synthesis

A

tryosinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Lack of this from the adrenal cortex causes overproduction of ACTH

A

cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

increase in skin pigmentation

A

Addison’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

albinism

A

melanocytes do not make melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

loss of melanocytes

A

depigmentation (vitiligo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

star-shaped cells mainly in the S. spinosum

A

Langerhans’ cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Langerhans’ cells are derived from what?

A

bone marrow

44
Q

Fc and complement C3 receptors are on what cells?

A

Langerhans’ cells

45
Q

can migrate out of epidermis to lymph nodes

A

langerhans’ cells

46
Q

present antigens to T cells and differentiate into activated dendritic cells

A

langerhans’ cells

47
Q

Do langerhans’ cells form desmosomal attachments?

A

No

48
Q

membrane-bound, rod-like shaped granues in langerhans’ cells

A

Birbeck or vermiform granules

49
Q

langerin

A

proteins in vermiform granules necessary for antigen uptake

50
Q

tactile epitheliooid cells associated with sensory nerve ending

A

merkel cells

51
Q

Where are merkel cells primarily

A

thick skin of palms and soles

52
Q

base of merkel cell in contact with?

A

peripheral neuron terminal

53
Q

cytoplasm of merkel cells contains what?

A

small dense neuroendocrine granules

54
Q

supports epiderms and binds it ot the subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

A

dermis

55
Q

surface of dermis interdigitates with epidermis via

A

dermal papillae

56
Q

epidermal counterpart to dermal papillae

A

epidermal ridges or rete ridges

57
Q

extend from the basal lamina and terminate in anchoring plaques to bind the dermis to the epidermis

A

anchoring fibrils

58
Q

outermost layer of loose connective tissue where fibroblasts, mast cells and macrophages may be present in the dermis

A

papillary layer

59
Q

layer of the demris composed of dense irregular connective tissue

A

reticular layer

60
Q

the dermis has:

A

follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands, and nerves

61
Q

extensive capillary layer is in which layer of the dermis

A

papillary layer

62
Q

extensive capillary network in the papillary layer of the dermis functions in

A

thermoregulation

63
Q

deeper continuation of the dermis

A

hypodermis

64
Q

primarily loose CT and adipose tissue

A

hypodermis

65
Q

pressure/vibration sensors

A

pacinian corpuscles

66
Q

Pacinian corpuscles are found where

A

near the dermis-hypodermis junction

67
Q

invaginations of the epidermis

A

hair follicles

68
Q

hair follicles terminate

A

in hair bulb

69
Q

projects into the hair bulb

A

dermal papilla

70
Q

epidermal cells covering the dermal papilla form the

A

hair root

71
Q

cells at the apex of the dermal papilla produce

A

large, vacuolated, moderately keratinized cells - form hair medulla

72
Q

hair cortex

A

cells around the papilla differentiate into fusiform, heavily keratinized cells

73
Q

cells more peripheral inthe root produce

A

the hair cuticle

74
Q

most peripheral root cells produce

A

internal and external root sheath

75
Q

hair follicle separated from the dermis by a thickened basal lamina

A

glassy membrane

76
Q

smooth muscle bundles extending from dermis papillary layer to hair follicle connective tissue sheath

A

arrector pili muscles

77
Q

cells that migrate from hair follicle if epidermis is lost

A

clonogenic keratinocyte stem cells

78
Q

glands not found on palms and soles

A

sebaceous glands

79
Q

basal layer of undifferentiated flattened epithelial cells on basal lamina

A

acini

80
Q

sebum

A

dead cells + cell contents

81
Q

simple coiled tubular gland - duct opens onto skin surface

A

eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands

82
Q

gland that contains myoepithelial cells, dark cells and clear cells

A

sudoriferous (sweat) glands

83
Q

contractile cells in sweat glands

A

myoepithelial cells

84
Q

mucoid, pyramidal cells

A

dark cells

85
Q

devoid of secretory granules, but have abundant glycogen

A

clear cells

86
Q

dark cells secrete what?

A

glycoproteins

87
Q

secrete water and electrolytes into intercellular canaliculi

A

clear cells

88
Q

non-viscous secretion

A

little protein, contains water, NaCl, urea, ammonia, and uric acid

89
Q

glands present in axillary, areolar, and anal regions - ducts open into hair follicles

A

apocrine gland

90
Q

what do apocrine glands receive

A

adrenergic nerve fibers

91
Q

apocrine glands have what mechanism of secretion?

A

merocrine

92
Q

plates of keratinized epithelial cells

A

nails

93
Q

embedded in fold of skin

A

nail root

94
Q

stratum corneum of the epithelium over the nail root

A

eponychium (cuticle)

95
Q

Nail plates arises from the?

A

nail matrix

96
Q

Nail plate rests on a bed of epidermis called the what?

A

nail bed

97
Q

nail bed contains only?

A

s. basale and s. spinosum

98
Q

white crescent and the base of the nail

A

lunula

99
Q

albinism

A

little melanin production. vision problems due to abnormal retina development and abnormal nerve connections between the eye and brian

100
Q

vitiligo

A

melanocytes are destroyed - patchy pigmentation

101
Q

liver spots

A

freckle due to being in the sun (NOT liver related)

102
Q

actinic keratosis

A

precancerous condition. thick scaly patches of skin

103
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

(~90% of all skin cancers) slow growing and treatable if found early

104
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

often develop from sun damaged areas

105
Q

malignant melanoma

A

derived from melanocytes. hard to treat once metastasized

106
Q

psoriasis

A

immune-mediate, genetic disease. red scaly patches of skin due to inflammation and hyperplasic (individuals often have joint problems)

107
Q
A

IUSM Histology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions