Digestive System Flashcards
<p>What are the parts of the digestive system? (4 plus accessory)</p>
<p>Esophagous, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, + intrinsic glands</p>
<p>What are the layers of the digestive system where it is not continuous with mesentery?</p>
<p>Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa & serosa</p>
<p>What are the layers of the digestive system where it is continuous with mesentery</p>
<p>Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and adventitia</p>
<p>What is the epithelium of the esophagus?</p>
<p>Stratified, squamous, nonkeratinized epithelium</p>
<p>What is the purpose of esophageal cardiac glands and esophageal glands proper?</p>
<p>Secrete mucous and some secrete serous cells and lysozyme</p>
<p>Where are the mucus secreting glands located in the esophagus?</p>
<p>The lamina propria (esophageal cardiac glands) and the submucosa layer (esophageal glands proper)</p>
<p>Describe the musculature of the esophagus?</p>
<p>Upper third, striated in externa, middle third, smooth and striated, lower third, smooth</p>
<p>What is the purpose of the esophagus?</p>
<p>To convey bolus from pharynx to stomach</p>
<p>What ensures the bolus in transported one directionally?</p>
<p>2 physiologic sphincters, pharyngoesophageal and gastroesophageal</p>
<p>What sphincter initiates swallowing?</p>
<p>Upper esophageal sphincter</p>
<p>What keeps acid reflux from stomach into esophagus?</p>
<p>Lower esophageal sphincter</p>
<p>What does persistant acid reflux lead to?</p>
<p>GERD - gastroesophageal reflux disease</p>
<p>What are the symptoms of GERD over time?</p>
<p>Ulceration, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), fibrosis and stricture of Lower esophagus</p>
<p>DDX: Abnormal growth of simple columnar cells in lower esophagous. Increased incidence of adenocarcinoma of esophagous. Increased susceptibility to injury to stomach acid injury</p>
<p>Barrett's esophagus</p>
<p>DDX: Incomplete closure of esophageal diaphram. Reflux esophagitis and ulceration. Difficulty swallowing and "lump in the throat" feeling</p>
<p>Hiatal Hernia</p>
<p>What does the stomach do to the bolus?</p>
<p>Acidifies it and converts it into chyme</p>
<p>Describe the musculature of the stomach</p>
<p>Rugae - longitudinal folds of the mucosa and submucosa which disappear when stomach is distended</p>
<p>Describe what depth of gastric pit tells you about stomach location?</p>
<p>Pits are shallowest in cardia and deepest in pylorus</p>
<p>What is the defining feature of the cardia of the stomach?</p>
<p>It is mucus secreting via tubular glands with coiled ends</p>
<p>What is the primary contributor to gastric juice? What kind of cells secrete it?
</p>
<p>The fundus is the primary contributor.
Parietal and chief cells
</p>
<p>Describe the gastric pits in the pylorus</p>
<p>Deep gastric pits with branched glands. Primary mucus secreting and some parietal cells and gastrin secreting G ccells</p>
<p>What is the epithelium of the stomach?</p>
<p>Simple columnar, mucus producing but not goblet</p>
<p>What is located in the lamina propria of the stomach?</p>
<p>Loose CT with smooth muscle, lymphocytes, plasma, mast cells, and fibroblasts</p>
<p>What is included in the gastric mucosa?</p>
<p>Epithelium, lamina propria, gastric glands, and muscularis mucosa</p>
What is the muscularis mucosae?
A poorly defined inner circular layer and an outler longitudinal layer of smooth muscle. Sometimes has an outermost circular layer