Connective Tissue and Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

Question 1

What is the extracellular matrix (ECM) comprised of?

Answer 1

Fibers Amorphous ground substance Tissue Fluid

Question 2

What are the functions of connective tissue?

Answer 2

Structural support Exchange medium between blood and tissues Defense and protection Fat storage

Question 3

The bulk of cells that produce connective tissue

Answer 3

Fibroblasts

Question 4

Fibroblast vs Fibrocyte

Answer 4

Fibroblast - actively creating new tissue Swollen rough ER Fibrocyte - maintains status of tissue

Question 5

Adipocytes

Answer 5

Create adipose tissue, involved in lipid storage

Question 6

What cell recycles dead red blood cells?

Answer 6

Macrophage, primarily in the spleen

Question 7

Primary vs secondary lysosomes

Answer 7

Primary - sacks of enzymes Secondary - Primary lysosomes that have been taken up by a macrophage

Question 8

What cells are primarily involved in the allergic response

Answer 8

Mast cells

Question 9

Mast cells release mediators that primarily provide what functions?

Answer 9

Vasoactive or increase inflammatory response. (Ex leukotriene C, heparin, histamine)

Question 10

What cells have the primary function of producing antibodies?

Answer 10

Plasma cells

Question 11

What do plasma cells exhibit basophilic staining?

Answer 11

They are making a lot of proteins for export. Have a lot of rough ER

Question 12

T cell Lymphocytes function?

Answer 12

Cell-mediated immunity Differentiate in thymus

Question 13

B cell Lymphocytes function?

Answer 13

Humoral immune response

Question 14

What are the first cells that appear in an inflammatory reaction.

Answer 14

Neutrophils

Question 15

What CT cell has a trilobed nucleus?

Answer 15

Neutrophil

Question 16

What is the most abundant cell in circulating blood?

Answer 16

Neutrophils

Question 17

What are the major functions of eosinophils?

Answer 17

Parasite immune response. —release cytotoxins to kill parasite Moderate allergic reaction —release enzymes that cleave histamine and leukotriene C

Question 18

What CT cell has a bilobed nucleus?

Answer 18

Eosinophil

Question 19

Where are pericytes found?

Answer 19

Around capillaries

Question 20

What type of connective tissue is the main component of the umbilical cord?

Answer 20

Mucous CT

Question 21

What type of connective tissue is found below the epithelium of the intestine?

Answer 21

Loose CT

Question 22

What is the main difference between Loose CT and Dense irregular CT?

Answer 22

Dense irregular has collagen bundles while loose does not.

Question 23

Where is dense regular CT found?

Answer 23

Tendons and Ligaments

Question 24

Where is dense regular elastic CT found?

Answer 24

only in the blood vessels around the heart

Question 25

What does the extracellular matrix consist of?

Answer 25

Fibers, ground substance, tissue fluid !It is acellular!!!!

Question 26

What can be found in ground substance?

Answer 26

Proteoglycans, glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans(GAGs)

Question 27

What are proteoglycans?

Answer 27

Core protein with covalently linked glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).

Question 28

What ECM glycosaminoglycan(GAG) is a major component of hyaline and elastic cartilage?

Answer 28

Chondroitin

Question 29

What does the ECM GAG Hyaluronic acid do?

Answer 29

It is a component of cartilage that helps to maintain the hydration of cartilage by binding H2O.

Question 30

What two ECM glycoproteins binds to integrins?

Answer 30

Fibronectin and Laminin

Question 31

What ECM glycoprotein binds to collagen, heparin, and mediates cell adhesion to ECM?

Answer 31

Fibronectin

Question 32

What ECM glycoprotein is a component of the basement membrane.

Answer 32

Laminin

Question 33

What is the most abundant protein in the body?

Answer 33

Collagen

Question 34

What types of collagen are involved in wound healing?

Answer 34

Type 3 first and then it changes to stronger type 1 over time.

Question 35

Collagen fibers are which type of collagen?

Answer 35

type 1

Question 36

Reticular fibers are which type of collagen?

Answer 36

type 3

Question 37

What is the most abundant type of collagen in the body?

Answer 37

type 1

Question 38

What type of collagen do fibroblasts produce?

Answer 38

type 1

Question 39

Type 2 collagen is the major component of what?

Answer 39

Hyaline cartilage and some in elastic cartilage

Question 40

What type of collagen is a basement membrane component?

Answer 40

type 4

Question 41

What type of collagen anchors the epithelial basement membrane to connective tissue?

Answer 41

type 7

Question 42

What type of cartilage is found in the hypertrophic zone of developing bones?

Answer 42

type 10 hypertrophic zone -- where the development and differentiation of bone takes place

Question 43

Which type of collagen displays distinct banding?

Answer 43

type 1

Question 44

What are elastic fibers made of?

Answer 44

Elastin and Fibrillin

Question 45

What is elastin?

Answer 45

Amorphous structural protein. Contains 2 unusual amino acids (desmosine and isodesmosine)

Question 46

What protein is the component of peripheral microfibrils around elastic fibers?

Answer 46

Fibrillin

Question 47

What is Marfan Syndrome?

Answer 47

A genetic defect in fibrillin 1 (a major component of elastin). Basically defective elastin Produces a weakened tunica media of aorta. Arachnodactyly -- tall with long arms, legs, fingers, and toes

Question 48

Ehlers-Danos syndrome

Answer 48

Genetic defect involving peptidyl lysine hydroxylase needed for type 3 collagen synthesis. Results in rupture of large bowel/arteries. Hyper elasticity of skin and hyper mobility of joints.

Question 49

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 49

genetic defect involving type 1 collagen. Leads to bone fragility