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IUSM Histology > Connective Tissue and Extracellular Matrix (ECM) > Flashcards

Connective Tissue and Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the extracellular matrix (ECM) comprised of?

A

Fibers Amorphous ground substance Tissue Fluid

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2
Q

What are the functions of connective tissue?

A

Structural support Exchange medium between blood and tissues Defense and protection Fat storage

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3
Q

The bulk of cells that produce connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts

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4
Q

Fibroblast vs Fibrocyte

A

Fibroblast - actively creating new tissue Swollen rough ER Fibrocyte - maintains status of tissue

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5
Q

Adipocytes

A

Create adipose tissue, involved in lipid storage

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6
Q

What cell recycles dead red blood cells?

A

Macrophage, primarily in the spleen

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7
Q

Primary vs secondary lysosomes

A

Primary - sacks of enzymes Secondary - Primary lysosomes that have been taken up by a macrophage

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8
Q

What cells are primarily involved in the allergic response

A

Mast cells

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9
Q

Mast cells release mediators that primarily provide what functions?

A

Vasoactive or increase inflammatory response. (Ex leukotriene C, heparin, histamine)

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10
Q

What cells have the primary function of producing antibodies?

A

Plasma cells

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11
Q

What do plasma cells exhibit basophilic staining?

A

They are making a lot of proteins for export. Have a lot of rough ER

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12
Q

T cell Lymphocytes function?

A

Cell-mediated immunity Differentiate in thymus

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13
Q

B cell Lymphocytes function?

A

Humoral immune response

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14
Q

What are the first cells that appear in an inflammatory reaction.

A

Neutrophils

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15
Q

What CT cell has a trilobed nucleus?

A

Neutrophil

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16
Q

What is the most abundant cell in circulating blood?

A

Neutrophils

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17
Q

What are the major functions of eosinophils?

A

Parasite immune response. —release cytotoxins to kill parasite Moderate allergic reaction —release enzymes that cleave histamine and leukotriene C

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18
Q

What CT cell has a bilobed nucleus?

A

Eosinophil

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19
Q

Where are pericytes found?

A

Around capillaries

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20
Q

What type of connective tissue is the main component of the umbilical cord?

A

Mucous CT

21
Q

What type of connective tissue is found below the epithelium of the intestine?

A

Loose CT

22
Q

What is the main difference between Loose CT and Dense irregular CT?

A

Dense irregular has collagen bundles while loose does not.

23
Q

Where is dense regular CT found?

A

Tendons and Ligaments

24
Q

Where is dense regular elastic CT found?

A

only in the blood vessels around the heart

25
Q

What does the extracellular matrix consist of?

A

Fibers, ground substance, tissue fluid !It is acellular!!!!

26
Q

What can be found in ground substance?

A

Proteoglycans, glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans(GAGs)

27
Q

What are proteoglycans?

A

Core protein with covalently linked glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).

28
Q

What ECM glycosaminoglycan(GAG) is a major component of hyaline and elastic cartilage?

A

Chondroitin

29
Q

What does the ECM GAG Hyaluronic acid do?

A

It is a component of cartilage that helps to maintain the hydration of cartilage by binding H2O.

30
Q

What two ECM glycoproteins binds to integrins?

A

Fibronectin and Laminin

31
Q

What ECM glycoprotein binds to collagen, heparin, and mediates cell adhesion to ECM?

A

Fibronectin

32
Q

What ECM glycoprotein is a component of the basement membrane.

A

Laminin

33
Q

What is the most abundant protein in the body?

A

Collagen

34
Q

What types of collagen are involved in wound healing?

A

Type 3 first and then it changes to stronger type 1 over time.

35
Q

Collagen fibers are which type of collagen?

A

type 1

36
Q

Reticular fibers are which type of collagen?

A

type 3

37
Q

What is the most abundant type of collagen in the body?

A

type 1

38
Q

What type of collagen do fibroblasts produce?

A

type 1

39
Q

Type 2 collagen is the major component of what?

A

Hyaline cartilage and some in elastic cartilage

40
Q

What type of collagen is a basement membrane component?

A

type 4

41
Q

What type of collagen anchors the epithelial basement membrane to connective tissue?

A

type 7

42
Q

What type of cartilage is found in the hypertrophic zone of developing bones?

A

type 10 hypertrophic zone – where the development and differentiation of bone takes place

43
Q

Which type of collagen displays distinct banding?

A

type 1

44
Q

What are elastic fibers made of?

A

Elastin and Fibrillin

45
Q

What is elastin?

A

Amorphous structural protein. Contains 2 unusual amino acids (desmosine and isodesmosine)

46
Q

What protein is the component of peripheral microfibrils around elastic fibers?

A

Fibrillin

47
Q

What is Marfan Syndrome?

A

A genetic defect in fibrillin 1 (a major component of elastin). Basically defective elastin Produces a weakened tunica media of aorta. Arachnodactyly – tall with long arms, legs, fingers, and toes

48
Q

Ehlers-Danos syndrome

A

Genetic defect involving peptidyl lysine hydroxylase needed for type 3 collagen synthesis. Results in rupture of large bowel/arteries. Hyper elasticity of skin and hyper mobility of joints.

49
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

genetic defect involving type 1 collagen. Leads to bone fragility

IUSM Histology (15 decks)

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