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Repro > Male Repro Tract Anatomy > Flashcards

Male Repro Tract Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

list the 6 main components of the male repro tract

A
  1. spermatic cord 2. scrotum 3. testis 4. excurrent duct system 5. accessory sex glands 6. penis
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2
Q

list the 6 main components of the male repro tract

A
  1. spermatic cord 2. scrotum 3. testis 4. excurrent duct system 5. accessory sex glands 6. penis
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3
Q

why does the testis need to be kept cool?

A

because warm sperm are more mobile, consume more energy, and produce more waste

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4
Q

define an erection

A

penis becomes firmer, features engorgement in some species, accomplished by the parasympathetic nervous system

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5
Q

define protrusion

A

penis protrudes out of protective sheath

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6
Q

emission

A

discharge of accessory sex gland secretions into pelvic urethra; movement of sperm from tail of epididymis to urethra

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7
Q

define ejaculation

A

expulsion of sperm from urethra

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8
Q

list and give the amount of each structure in the pathway of sperm

A
  1. testis: 2 2. epididymis: 2, head, body, tail 3. ductus deferens: 2 (vas deferens) 4. urethra: features 5. accessory sex glands: vesicular glands (2), prostate gland (1), and bulbourethral glands (2) and 6. Penis (1)
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9
Q

what are vesicular glands also called?

A

seminal vesicles

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10
Q

what are bulbourethral glands also called?

A

Cowper’s glands

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11
Q

do all male species have all 3 kinds of accessory sex glands?

A

no

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12
Q

what accessory sex gland do all male species have?

A

prostate gland

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13
Q

what organ is responsible for testicular descent/preventing testis from twisting inside scrotum?

A

the gubernaculum

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14
Q

how many degrees cooler do the testes need to be than body temperature for spermatogenesis to occur?

A

4-6 degrees cooler than body temp

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15
Q

describe the sparmatic chord (structure, function, and what it contains)

A

vascular, lymphatic and nerves heat exchanger houses cremaster muscle

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16
Q

what structural component of the spermatic chord enables counter current exchange in the panpiniform plexus?

A

intertwining of testicular arteries and veins

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17
Q

describe counter current exchange in the panpiniform plexus in terms of heat

A

heat flows between 39-34 degrees celcius between the body and the testes by way of intertwining testicular arteries and veins

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18
Q

describe counter current exhange in the panpiniform plexus in terms of testosterone

A

testosterone levels flow between 70ng/mL to 4.8ng/mL between the body and the testis

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19
Q

where does counter current exchange of heat and testosterone take place?

A

in the panpiniform plexus

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20
Q

why can testosterone diffuse freely across membranes and in what direction does it do this?

A

it is lipid soluble, follows concentration gradient

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21
Q

list the 3 functions of the scrotal skin

A
  1. thermosensor 2. sweat glands 3. protection
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22
Q

what type of muscle lines the scrotal skin?

A

smooth muscle

23
Q

what kind of muscle makes up the cremaster?

A

striated

24
Q

describe the location of the cremaster

A

partially surrounds the spermatic chord, attaches to parietal tunica vaginalis

25
Q

describe the function of the cremaster

A

fight or flight; contracts to PULL testis up from the TOP

26
Q

is the cremaster used for short term or long term functions?

A

short term; can’t maintain sustained contraction, for immediate situations

27
Q

why is the cremaster only used for short term situations?

A

it is a striated muscle

28
Q

what is the main function of the cremaster?

A

regulate blood flow through panpiniform plexus

29
Q

what muscle makes up the tunica dartos?

A

smooth

30
Q

what is the tunica dartos dependent upon?

A

androgen hormones

31
Q

describe how the tunica dartos works

A

contracts from the BOTTOM to PUSH testis up from the bottom

32
Q

can the tunica dartos have sustained contraction?

A

yes

33
Q

list the 2 major functions of the testis

A
  1. produce the gamete: sperm 2. produce androgens
34
Q

list 2 androgens produced by the testis

A
  1. testosterone 2. dihydrotestosterone
35
Q

what stimulates inhibin production?

A

androgens

36
Q

list the testis tissue layers from the outside in

A
  1. parietal tunica vaginalis 2. visceral tunica vaginalis 3. tunica albuginea
37
Q

describe the parietal tunica vaginalis (tissue type and location)

A

connective tissue sac that surrounds testis; attaches to cremaster muscle

38
Q

describe the visceral tunica vaginalis (what it contains and covers)

A

contains vasculature; covers both testis and epididymis

39
Q

describe the tunica albuginea

A

white, connective tissue that projects into testis

40
Q

what is the testicular parenchyma?

A

the functional part of the testis, responsiblle for producing sperm and testosterone

41
Q

what is the mediastinum of the testis?

A

the pink middle contains the rete tubules

42
Q

what are the rete tubules? (location and function)

A

in medisatinum, connected to seminiferous tubules and transport sperm to caput epididymis

43
Q

what is the main function of the seminiferous tubules?

A

sperm production

44
Q

list the 4 main components of a seminiferous tubule

A
  1. basal lamina/basement membrane 2. sertoli cells 3. sperm cells 4. interstitial space
45
Q

describe the basement membrane/basal lamina of a seminiferous tubule

A

encases tubule

46
Q

describe the function of sertoli cells

A

nurse cells; regulate blood testis barrier

47
Q

list the 6 different types of sperm cells from baby to mature

A
  1. spermatogonium 2. primary spermatocytes 3. secondary spermatocyte 4. spermatids: round first, then elongated 5. differentiating spermatids 6. spermatozoa
48
Q

picture or spermatic chord

A

Which is internal and which is external?

49
Q

where is the pampiniform plexus?

A

in between cremaster muscle

50
Q

label the pampiniform plexus and the testicular artery

A

PP on top; TA long red vessel

51
Q

what is this picture illustrating?

A

counter current exchange of heat and testosterone in the pampiniform plexus

52
Q

label the rectum, prostate, seminal vesicles, cowpers gland, ampulla, bladder, retractor penis muscle, inguinal ring, vas deferens, sigmoid flexure, caput epididymis, corpus epididymis, scrotum, spermatic cord, cauda epididymis, testis, and glans penis

A

view notes to confirm

53
Q
A

Repro (18 decks)

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