Male repro anatomy/dissection

Question 1

Why do catheters need measuring before using? What must you do before inserting a catheter?

Answer 1

Measure correct length to enter bladder - too long, will suck against bladder wall
Lubricate

Question 2

What causes the resistance after the penis reaches the bulbs glandis?

Answer 2

180 degree hairpin loop (twist as passing through to prevent kinking)
Os penis

Question 3

Is urine sample from cystocentesis or a catheter less contaminated?

Answer 3

Cystocentesis - not contaminated from bacteria in catheter or genitals

Question 4

What layers comprise the vaginal sac?

Answer 4

Cremasteric fascia
Internal spermatic fascia
Parietal peritoneum

Question 5

Is the vaginal sac incised during an open or closed castration?

Answer 5

Open

Left intact in closed

Question 6

Why do we incise through inguinal skin rather than scrotal during a castration?

Answer 6

Lots of sebaceous glands - takes longer to heal

Question 7

What ligature should be used though the cremasture muscle to prevent haemorrhage?

Answer 7

Transfixion

Question 8

What blood vessels supply the prepuce?

Answer 8

Internal pudendal

Question 9

What is the testes barrier?

What is its function?

Answer 9

Physical barrier between blood vessels and seminiferous tubules
Prevent destruction of foreign cells

Question 10

What is the pars long glandis?

Answer 10

Area between the bulbus glandis and glans pens

Question 11

What is the bulbus glandis?

Answer 11

Thickening of middle of penis (expansion of corpus cavernosum)
Allows tying

Question 12

What is the os penis?

Answer 12

Calcified corpus cavernosum

Question 13

What are the crura?

Answer 13

Either side of the urethra

Contain corpus cavernosum

Question 14

What are the 7 layers of the testes?

Answer 14

Skin 
Tunica dartos
Spermatic fascia - external spermatic fascia, cremasteric fascia, internal spermatic fascia
Parietal peritoneum
Visceral peritoneum

Question 15

What separates the testes within the scrotum?

Answer 15

Median septum

Question 16

What does the visceral peritoneum adhere to?

Answer 16

Testes and spermatic cord

Question 17

What does the peritoneal peritoneum line? What is it an extension of?

Answer 17

Scrotum
Inguinal canal
Extension of peritoneal cavity

Question 18

What makes up the spermatic cord?

Answer 18

Cremaster muscle
Testicular artery, vein and nerve
Ductus deferens

Question 19

The cremaster muscle is a continuation of which muscle?

Answer 19

IAO

Question 20

What is the name of the vein around the testes which plays a part in thermoregulation?

Answer 20

Pampiniform plexus

Question 21

What is the inguinal canal?

Answer 21

Potential space between abdominal wall muscles

Question 22

What is the deep inguinal ring?

Answer 22

Gap in the internal abdominal oblique

Question 23

What is the superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 23

Gap in external abdominal obliquee

Question 24

What blood vessels and nerves pass through the inguinal canal?

Answer 24

External pudendal

Testicular artery and vein

Question 25

The epididymis is a tortuous tubule containing smooth muscle and ciliated epic cells. What conveys sperm from the tail to the urethra?

Answer 25

Ductus deferens

Question 26

What are the 4 accessory glands? What do they do?

Answer 26

``` Ampulla of ductus deferens Seminal vesicles Prostate glands Bulbourerethral gland Aid natural inseminations ```

Question 27

What largely covers the prostate in dogs?

Answer 27

Ampulla of ductus deferens

Question 28

The vesicular gland/seminal vesicles are a paired gland. What animals are they absent in?

Answer 28

Carnivores

Question 29

Where is the prostate gland?

Answer 29

Dorsal to the neck of bladder

Question 30

Where is the bulbourethral gland? What does it empty into? Which species is it absent in?

Answer 30

Either side of the urethra Empties into distal urethra Dogs

Question 31

What is the glans penis?

Answer 31

Extension of the corpus spongisum

Question 32

What are the 2 types of penis? What characterises these?

Answer 32

Musculocavernous - large cavernous space | Fibroelastic - small cavernous space, sigmoid flexure

Question 33

What are the muscles of the penis?

Answer 33

``` Retractor penis Ischiocavernosus Bulbospongiosus Urethralis (Tunica dartos) (Cremaster) ```

Question 34

The retractor penis is mainly smooth muscle. What does this muscle do?

Answer 34

Retract penis into sheath | Maintain sigmoid flexure (fibroelastic penis)

Question 35

What do the ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles do?

Answer 35

Prevent venous drainage of blood during erection | Rhythmic contractions increase pressure of corpus cavernosum

Question 36

What does the striated urethralis muscle do?

Answer 36

Surround pelvic urethra | Move semen into urethra

Question 37

What does the tunica darts muscle do? Is it long or short acting?

Answer 37

Bring testes closer to body for temperature regulation | Long acting

Question 38

What does the cremaster muscle do? Is it long or short acting?

Answer 38

Help retract testes into inguinal canal | Short acting

Question 39

The internal pudendal artery and vein is branch off which major blood vessel?

Answer 39

Internal iliac

Question 40

What 3 ligaments are found in the testes?

Answer 40

Proper ligament of testes Scrotal ligament Ligament of tail of epididymis

Question 41

In the open castration which ligament is broken? In the closed castration which is broken?

Answer 41

Open - ligament of tail of epididymis | Closed - scrotal ligament

Question 42

Is the lumen of the vaginal sac continuous with the abdominal cavity?

Answer 42

yes - parietal peritoneum is extension of perionteal/abdominal cavity

Question 43

What is the trigone?

Answer 43

Triangular region of bladder - formed from ureteric orifices and urethral orifices

Question 44

What runs through the inguinal canal in a dog?

Answer 44

Female - round ligament of uterus and external pudendal artery and vein Male - spermatic cord and external pudendal artery and vein