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Exotics and random anatomy > Chicken anatomy > Flashcards

Chicken anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the red bit on the head of the chicken? What about beneath the beak?

A

Comb - with base and points

Wattle

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2
Q

What order do chickens belong to? What other birds are in this order?

A

Galliformes

Turkeys

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3
Q

What is the name of the top and bottom beak of a chicken?

A

Rhinotheca - top

Gnathotheca - bottom

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4
Q

Below the hock, what is the metatarsals called? What is the metatarsopharyngeal joint called?

A

Shank

Spur

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5
Q

What is the other name for the breastbone, where the pectoral muscles can be palpated? What is this used for?

A

Keel

Used to BCS

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6
Q

What are the 2 main feather types

A

Plumulaceous - soft/downy

Pennaceous - stiffer

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7
Q

What is the centre of a feather called?
What is the outer curve called?
What is each part of the feather called?
What is the soft fluffy part of the bottom of a feather called?
What is the hollow shaft of the feather called?

A 
Rachis
Vane
Barb
Afterfeather
Calamus
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8
Q

How many eyelids do chickens have?

A

3

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9
Q

Do chickens have a cere?

A

No - budgies, owls, birds of prey only

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10
Q

The choana and choanal papillae are a useful site for?

A

Swabbing for respiratory disease

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11
Q

Caudal to the choana there is a secondary slit. What does this open to?

A

Middle ear

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12
Q

When the bird is resting, what fits into the choanal slit? What does this create?

A

Glottis slits into choanal slit

Creates closed passage from nostrils to trachea

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13
Q

On which side of the neck is the crop located? What does this do?

A

Right

Food store - muscular sac

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14
Q

What are 2 common problems with the crop?

A

Crop impaction - blocked crop, unable to empty

Sour crop - yeast infection

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15
Q

What is special about the pigeon crop?

A

Produces crop milk

Regurgitated and fed to young

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16
Q

What is the name of the preen gland? Where is it located? What should this do to feathers?

A

Uropygial gland
Base of tail
Waterproofs feathers

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17
Q

Any incision in the abdomen leads to invasion of an air sac cavity. This causes anaesthetic to leak from the incision site. How can this be reduced?

A

Cannulate the abdominal air sac on the contralateral side

Or pack the site with moistened swabs (don’t drown!!)

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18
Q

How many air sacs do birds have? Name them

A 
9
1 interclavicular
2 cervical
2 anterior thoracic
2 posterior thoracic
2 abdominal
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19
Q

Do chickens have a gall bladder?

A

Yes

20
Q

A transverse coeliotomy (incision into abdomen) gives access to the largest area of the abdomen. A left lateral incision gives good access to…

A

Proventriculus
Ventriculus
Female repro tract
Left kidney

21
Q

A ventral midline incision gives good access to…

A

Both sides of the coelomic cavity - SI, liver, repro tract, cloaca

22
Q

In which birds should you not give a pectoral IM injections?

A

Nestlings

None flight birds

23
Q

How many chambers does the heart have? What is unusual about heart size in birds?

A

4

Heart size is inversely proportional to body size

24
Q

What is unusual about birds RBCs?

A

Nucleated

25
Q

Air sacs are hard to identify once the chicken is opened up. What can be used to identify them?

A

Muco-serous membrane

26
Q

Do birds have a diaphragm?

A

No

27
Q

Describe the passage of air during inspiration of a bird

A

Air enters through trachea

Goes into posterior air sacs, lungs and then anterior sacs

28
Q

Describe the passage of air during expiration

A

Air leaves the anterior sacs and posterior sacs and enters the lung, where it is exhaled into the trachea

29
Q

What is the function of the proventriculus and ventriculus?

A

Pro - glandular stomach (enzymes for digestion)

Ventriculus - muscular stomach (mechanical digestion)

30
Q

Where is the pancreas located in the chicken?

A

Within the duodenal loop

31
Q

Ceca are well developed in the chicken but the size is dietary dependent. What are the ceca?

A

2 blind sacs

Microbial fermentation

32
Q

How many lobes do the kidneys of birds have?

A

3 - cranial, middle, caudal

33
Q

What type of nephrons do chickens have?

A

Mix of mammalian and reptilian

34
Q

What is the end product of metabolism in birds?

A

Uric acid

35
Q

Which side of the reproduction tract develops?

A

Left

36
Q

The ovary contains what looks like many ‘yolks’. What are these?

A

Follicles

37
Q

Eggs are received into the urodeum where they are then laid. What are the functional regions of the female bird repro tract and what happens in each?

A

Ovary - follicles develop
Infundibulum - receives ovulated follicle, fertilisation takes place here
Magnum - albumin formation
Isthmus - Shell membranes added
Uterus/shell gland - outer, calcified shell forms
Vagina - adds cuticle to prevent bacteria entering pores of egg

38
Q

What separates the urodeum and coprodeum?

A

Coprodeal fold

39
Q

What is the bursa of fabrics? Where is it? What takes place here?

A

Small lymphatic organ in dorsal cloaca

Site of haematopoiesis

40
Q

What is a common problem in the laying tract of some birds?

A

Follicular stasis - follicles mature but do’t ovulate

41
Q

What is different between the male repro tract in birds and mammals?

A

Short epididymis - less sperm storage
Internal testes in abdo
No accessory sex glands
May have intermittent phallus, non-intromittent phallus or no phallus

42
Q

Which birds have a non-intromittent phallus?

A

Ducks, geese, ratites

43
Q

Which birds have no phallus?

A

Psittacines (parrot)

44
Q

Which lympahatic organs are rudimentary or absent in adult birds?

A

Bursa of fabricus

Thymus

45
Q

Where are the paired testes located in the abdomen cavity?

A

Above the kidneys

Exotics and random anatomy (23 decks)

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