Major blood groups Flashcards
Erythrocytes acquire this phenotype by adsorbing substances from the plasma, rather than being membraned-bound antigens
Lewis antigen
Le gene codes for what glycosyltransferase and adds what sugar adds up to its chain
L-fucosyltransferase
L-fucose —> Type 1
Antigens and antibodies in MNSs Blood groups system
📍MN antigen
Ss antigen
📍Anti-M
Anti-N
Anti-S and Anti-s
Anti-U
Differentiate MN antigens
✅Found in GLYCOPHORIN A (GPA)
✅M has serine and glycine
✅N has leucine and glutamic acid
✅Easily destroyed or removed by enzymes
Give identification for Ss Antigens
✅Located on GLYCOPHORIN B (GPB)
✅Amino acid at 29 on GPB
✅S has methionine
✅s has threonine
✅Less easily degraded by enzymes
Antigen and antibodies in P blood group system
📍P1 antigen
📍Anti-P1
Anti-PP1-Pk
Anti-P
Anti-Pk
P blood group:
Found on fetal red cells as early as 12 weeks, but it weakens with gestational age
P1 Antigen
P blood group:
Has been found plasma, and droppings of pigeons and turtledoves, as well as in the egg white of turtle doves
P1
P blood group:
has been identified in hydatid cyst fluid, extracts of Lumbricoides terrestris, and Ascaris suum
P1 antigen
P blood group:
📍 observed in individuals infected with HYDATID DISEASE
📍 Associated with fascioliasis, Clonorchis sinensis, and Opisthorchus viverrini infections
Anti-P1
P blood group:
📍Originally called ANTI-Tja
📍Associated with spontaneous abortions in early pregnancy
Anti-PP1-Pk
P blood group:
📍Naturally occurring alloantibody in the sera of all Pk individuals
📍PAROXYSMAL COLD HEMOGLOBINURIA
📍Demonstrated by the DONATH-LANDSTEINER TEST
Anti-P
I blood group:
📍Common autoantibody that can be benign or pathologic
📍Demonstrates string reactions with adult cells and weak reactions with cord cells
Anti-I
I blood group:
Found in the serum of many normal individuals
Benign Anti-I
I blood group:
Attach in vivo and cause autoagglutination and vascular occlusion (Raynaud’s phenomenon) or intravascular hemolysis
Pathologic Anti-I
I blood group:
📍Mycoplasma pneumoniae
📍Listeria monocytogenes
Autoanti-I
I blood group:
📍Infectious mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus infections)
📍Some lymphoproliferative disorders
Anti-i
I blood group:
📍Found in two populations: Melanesians and the Yanomami Indians in Venezuela
📍Found in patients with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia with a special association with Hodgkin’s disease
Anti-IT
📍Rated SECOND ONLY TO D IN TERMS OF IMMUNOGENECITY
📍 Expressed very weak on McLeod phenotype cells
Kell antigens
📍Common antibody encountered in blood bank
📍Associated with sever hemolytic disease of the newborn
Anti-K
Important for invasion of P. vivax
Fyb antigens (Duffy)
📍Have notorious reputation in the blood bank
Anti-Jka and Anti-Jkb (Kidd)
Antibody characteristics:
Naturally occuring
ABO
Lewis
P1
MN
Lu^a
Antibody characteristics:
Clinically significant
ABO
Rh
Kell
Duffy
Kidd
SsU
Antibody characteristics:
Warm antibodies
Rh
Kell
Duffy
Kidd
Cold antibodies
M
N
P1
Usually only react in AHG
Kell
Duffy
Kidd
Can react in any phase of testing
Lewis
Detection enhanced by enzyme treatment of test cells
Rh
Lewis
Kidd
P1
Antibody characteristics:
Not detected with enzyme treatment of test cells
M
N
Duffy
Antibody characteristics:
Enhanced by acidification
M
Antibody characteristics:
Show dosage
Rh other than D, MNS, Duffy, Kidd
Antibody characteristics:
Bind complement
ABO, I, Kidd, Lewis, P
Antibody characteristics:
Common cause of amnestic response (Delayed transfusion reaction)
Kidd
Antibody characteristics:
Associated with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Anti-P
Associated with cold agglutinin disease and M. pneumoniae infections
Anti-I
Associated with infectious mononucleosis
Anti-i
