Chromosomal Locations of Major blood group systems Flashcards
Chromosome 1
Rh, Duffy
4
MNS
7
Kell
9
ABO
18
Kidd
22
P1
Possible genotypes
A1
A1A1, A1O, A1A2
Possible genotypes
A2
A2A2, A2O
Possible genotypes
A1B
A1B
Possible genotypes
A2B
A2B
Possible genotypes
B
BB, BO
Possible genotypes
O
OO
Glycosyltransferase of H antigen
L-fucosyltransferase
Immunodominant sugar of H antigen
L-fucose
Glycosyltransferase of A antigen
N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
Immunodominant sugar of A antigen
N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
Glycosyltransferase of B antigen
D-galactosyltransferase
Immunodominant sugar of B antigen
D-galactose
Glycosyltransferase of AB antigen
N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
D-galactosyltransferase
Immunodominant sugar of AB antigen
N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
D-galactose
Comparison of Type 1 and Type 2 chains:
Linkage: Beta 1,3
Type 1
Comparison of Type 1 and Type 2 chains:
Beta 1,4
Type 2
Comparison of Type 1 and Type 2 chains:
Origin of Type 1
Plasma
Comparison of Type 1 and Type 2 chains:
Origin of type 2
Synthesized on erythrocytic precursors
Comparison of Type 1 and Type 2 chains:
controlling genes of Type 1
H, A, B, Se and Lewis
Comparison of Type 1 and Type 2 chains:
Controlling genes of Type 2
H, A, B
Subgroups of A:
A1
✅ Branched A antigens
✅ 2 million A antigen/adult red cells
✅ Positive with anti-A
✅ Positive with anti-A1 lectin
Subgroups of A:
A2
✅Linear A antigens
✅500,000 A antigens/adult red cells
✅Positive with Anti-A
✅Negative with anti-A1 lectin
Other subgroups of A:
Mixed field agglutination with anti-A and/or anti-AB
A3
Other subgroups of A:
Weak agglutination with anti-AB only
Ax
Other subgroups of A:
Less than or equal to 10% red cells show very weak mf agglutination
A end
Other subgroups of A:
No agglutination with anti-A and anti-AB, secretors demonstrates quantities of A substance in saliva
Am
Other subgroups of A:
No agglutination with anti-A and anti-AB, secretors contain small amount of A substance in saliva
Ay
Other subgroups of A:
No agglutination with anti-A and anti-AB, secretors contain only H substance and no A substance in saliva
A el
Subgroups of B:
mixed field agglutination with anti-B and/or anti-AB
B3
Other subgroups of B:
Agglutination with anti-AB (wk/0 with anti-B)
Bx
Other subgroups of B:
No agglutination with anti-B and anti-AB, secretors demonstrates quantities of B substance in saliva
Bm
Other subgroups of B:
No agglutination with anti-B and anti-AB, secretors contain only H substance and no B substance in saliva
Bel
Rare phenotypes in which the RBCs are completely devoid of H antigens or have small amounts of H antigen present
Para-bombay
RBCs of these individuals express weak forms of A and B antigens, which are primarily detected by adsorption and elution studies
Para-Bombay
If a person is genetically A or B, the respective enzymes can be detected, but no H enzyme is detectable, even though it has been shown that there is limited production of H antigen on the RBCs
Para-Bombay
Required antigens:
📍 Reported in persons of Type O or B in association with severe infections caused by Proteus mirabilis
📍Tn-activated erythrocytes
Acquired A Antigen
Required antigens:
📍Associated with conditions as carcinoma of the colon or rectum, intestinal obstruction, massive infection of lower gastrointestinal tract, and septicemia caused by Proteus vulgaris
Acquired B antigen
Acquired antigens:
📍Can also result from increased permeability of the intestinal wall and subsequent absorption of bacterial polysaccharide (Escherichia coli O86) on the erythrocyte
Acquired B antigen
Give the characteristics of the blood group:
A
✅IgM
✅Reacts at room temp
✅Naturally-occurring
✅Cannot cross the placenta
Give the characteristics of the blood group:
B
✅IgM
✅Reacts at room temp
✅Naturally occurring
✅Cannot cross the placenta
Give the characteristics of the blood group:
O
✅Predominantly IgG
✅Reacts at 37C
✅Immune antibody
✅Can cross the placenta
