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Clinical Chemistry 2 (Laboratory) > Magnesium (F) > Flashcards

Magnesium (F) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of Mg?

A

1) It is the 4th most abundant cation

2) It is the 2nd most abundant intracellular cation

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2
Q

Where are Mg stored and their corresponding percentages?

A

1) Bones (majority): 53%
2) Muscles and soft tissues (some): 46%
3) Serum and RBC (small amt): 1%

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3
Q

What are the fxns of Mg?

A

1) Cofactor of 300 enzymes >
2) Fxns in cardiovascular aspect
3) Fxns in metabolic aspect
4) Fxns in neuromuscular health
5) Fxns in maintaining the structures of DNA and RNA
6) Regulates movement of K across the myocardium

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4
Q

What are the hormones that are responsible for the regulation of Mg?

A

1) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
2) Aldosterone
3) Thyroxine (T4)

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5
Q

What are the mechanisms of action of PTH in terms of regulation of Mg?

A

1) It increases renal absorption of Mg

2) It increases intestinal absorption of Mg

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aldosterone and T4 in terms of regulation of Mg?

A

These increases renal excretion of Mg

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7
Q

Who are the pts where hypomagnesemia is observed?

A

1) Hypomagnesemia is observed in hospitalized individuals in intensive care unit (ICU)
2) Or for those who are receiving diuretic therapy / digitalis therapy

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8
Q

True or False

Hypomagnesemia rarely occurs in non-hospitalized pts

A

True

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9
Q

What is the main cause of deficiency of Mg (/ hypomagnesemia)?

A

Reduced intake (of Mg)

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10
Q

What are the 3 hormones and 1 electrolyte (in their abnormal lvls) that are related w/ hypomagnesemia?

A

1) Hyperparathyroidism
2) Hyperthyroidism
3) Hyperaldosteronism
4) Hypercalcemia

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11
Q

What is hyperaldosteronism (/ what is its effect)?

A

It is the condition whereas there is an excess in serum Na

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12
Q

What is the cause of pseudohypomagnesemia?

A

It is the condition that is due to hyperaldosteronism

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13
Q

What is hyperthyroidism (/ what is the event present in this condition)?

A

It is the condition whereas there is an increase renal excretion

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14
Q

Is diabetes related to hypomagnesemia?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What are the different drugs that are related w/ hypomagnesemia?

A

1) Diuretics
2) Gentamicin
3) Cisplatin
4) Cyclosporine

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16
Q

What is the result if diuretics, gentamicin, cisplatin, and cyclosporine are intake by the pt (in relation to hypomagnesemia)?

A

Increased renal loss

17
Q

Can excess lactation lead to hypomagnesemia?

A

Yes

18
Q

How is excess lactation associated w/ hypomagnesemia?

A

Because due to excess lactation, there is an increased use / utilization of Mg w/c are lost through milk production

19
Q

What are the causes of hypomagnesemia?

A

1) Reduced intake (of Mg)
2) Hyperaldosteronism
3) Pseudohypomagnesemia
4) Hyperthyroidism
5) Diabetes
6) Medications
a. Diuretics
b. Gentamicin
c. Cisplatin
d. Cyclosporine
7) Excess lactation

20
Q

True or False

Hypermagnesemia is observed more frequently > hypomagnesemia

A

False, because hypomagnesemia is observed more frequently > hypermagnesemia

21
Q

What are the causes of hypermagnesemia?

A

1) Due to renal failure
2) Medicines
a. Antacids
b. Enemas
c. Cathartics
3) Decreased T4 and growth hormone (GH) production
4) Multiple myeloma
a. Bone cancer

22
Q

How can multiple myeloma and bone CA cause hypermagnesemia?

A

Because if these conditions are present, there is an increased bone loss, w/c results to the release of Mg from the bones

23
Q

What are the sx considerations for Mg determination?

A

1) Non-hemolyzed serum should be used
2) Hemolysis should be absent
3) Anticoagulants such as oxalate, citrate, and EDTA should not be used

24
Q

Why should hemolysis (in the sx) be absent in terms of Mg determination?

A

Because hemolysis can cause false increase of Mg

25
Q

What are the rgnts present in the rgnt set for Mg?

A

1) Buffer (/ buffer rgnt)
2) Color developer (/ color rgnt)
3) Mg std

26
Q

What is the result if Mg (present in the sx) combines w/ calmagite in an alkaline medium?

A

Red colored complex

27
Q

If spectrophotometer is used for determination of Mg lvls, what is the wavelength used?

A

530 nm

28
Q

What is the meaning of EGTA?

A

Egtazic acid

29
Q

What are the actions of EGTA?

A

1) It serves to complex and prevent Ca interference

2) It acts as a surfactant that eliminates the effect of protein

30
Q

What is the process (/ steps) for Mg determination?

A

1) Prep the ff tubes (blank, standard, and sample)
2) Add Mg working rgnt (1,000 uL)
3) Add the sx (10 uL) to the respective test tubes
4) Incubate for 5 mins
5) Read and record A (via spectrophotometer) at 530 nm

31
Q

What is the normal reference range for Mg?

A

1.3 - 2.5 mEq/L or 1.3 - 2.5 mmol/L

Clinical Chemistry 2 (Laboratory) (15 decks)

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