Macromolecules

Question 1

What are the four macromolecules?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleus acids

Question 2

Monosaccharides are made up of how many sugars?

Answer 2

Simple sugars; monomers

Question 3

Disaccharides are made up of how many sugars?

Answer 3

Double sugars

Question 4

Polysaccharides are made up of how many sugars?

Answer 4

Many sugars; polymer

Question 5

What are 3 monosaccharides?

Answer 5

Triose (3 carbons)
Pentose (5 carbons)
Hexose (6 carbons)

Question 6

What monosaccharide is energy for cells

Answer 6

Glucose

Question 7

Fructose is found in what? What is galactose found in?

Answer 7

Fruit. Milk.

Question 8

Disaccharides are built through what? What is their structure?

Answer 8

Built through dehydration reactions.

2 monomers bonded with glycosidic linkage

Question 9

What are some examples of disaccharides?

Answer 9

Sucrose- table sugar
Maltose- some vegetables or fruits
Lactose- milk

Question 10

Storage polysaccharides are…

Answer 10

Starch and glycogen

Question 11

Structural polysaccharide examples are…

Answer 11

Cellulose and Chitin

Question 12

Storage molecules are alpha or beta?

Answer 12

Alpha

Question 13

Structural molecules are alpha or beta?

Answer 13

Beta

Question 14

Starch is a storage molecule for…

Answer 14

Plants

Question 15

What is the storage molecule for animals and where is it found?

Answer 15

Glycogen and in liver & muscles

Question 16

Structural molecule in plants?

Answer 16

Cellulose

Question 17

Chitin is found in what?

Answer 17

Shells of crustaceans and insects

Question 18

Why can we not digest cellulose?

Answer 18

We lack the enzymes to

Question 19

Are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 19

Hydrophobic

Question 20

What are some examples of lipids?

Answer 20

Fats, steroids, phospholipids

Question 21

Subunits of fats are

Answer 21

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 22

Fats do what?

Answer 22

Long term energy storage
Insulation
Cushions organs

Question 23

What are the 2 types of fats?

Answer 23

Unsaturated and saturated

Question 24

Are unsaturated or saturated fats liquid at room temperature?

Answer 24

Unsaturated

Question 25

Are saturated fats liquid or solid at room temp?

Answer 25

Solid

Question 26

Why are unsaturated fats liquid at room temperature?

Answer 26

Because the hydrocarbon chain is bent, not allowing tight packing

Question 27

Examples of unsaturated fats

Answer 27

Olive oil, fish oil, canola oil

Question 28

Examples of saturated fats

Answer 28

Bacon grease (animal fats), butter

Question 29

4 fused carbon rings w various function groups

Answer 29

Steroids

Question 30

Example of steroid and about it

Answer 30

Cholesterol - found in animal cell membranes - can cause arteriosclerosis

Question 31

Phospholipids are a major component in what?

Answer 31

Cell membrane

Question 32

Structure of phospholipids:

Answer 32

Polar, hydrophilic head made of glycerol & phosphate 2 tails made of non polar hydrophobic fatty acids

Question 33

What kind of linkages do lipids use?

Answer 33

Ester linkage

Question 34

Proteins use which elements?

Answer 34

C, H, O, N, S

Question 35

Lipids use which elements

Answer 35

C & H

Question 36

Carbohydrates contain which elements

Answer 36

C, H, O

Question 37

Amino acids are important to which macromolecule?

Answer 37

Proteins

Question 38

Proteins are polymers of what?

Answer 38

Amino acids

Question 39

Proteins provide support. Give examples of where they can be found in the human body

Answer 39

Ligaments, tendons, hair

Question 40

Peptide bond happen when?

Answer 40

After dehydration synthesis, connects carbon to nitrogen

Question 41

Shapes of proteins include:

Answer 41

Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary

Question 42

What is denaturation?

Answer 42

Changing proteins native shape

Question 43

How does denaturation happen?

Answer 43

High temperature Change in pH Organic solvent Salt

Question 44

Nucleic acids are the ??? Of the cell?

Answer 44

Information carrying molecules

Question 45

Nucleic acid monomers are...?

Answer 45

Nucleotides

Question 46

Nucleotides consist of:

Answer 46

A 5 carbon sugar A phosphate A nitrogenous base

Question 47

Two types of nucleic acids are:

Answer 47

RNA + DNA

Question 48

DNA is the ??? ??? That organisms inherit from their parents

Answer 48

Genetic material

Question 49

Aperitif regions of DNA that contain a code for the amino acid sequence for a protein

Answer 49

Genes

Question 50

The sugar in DNA:

Answer 50

Deoxyribose

Question 51

Nitrogenous bases for DNA-

Answer 51

ATCG adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

Question 52

Shape of DNA:

Answer 52

Double helix

Question 53

The sides of the DNA helix ladder are made of:

Answer 53

Alternating phosphate and sugar

Question 54

The rungs of the laser are

Answer 54

Nitrogenous based (ATCG)

Question 55

How do the nitrogenous bases pair in DNA?

Answer 55

A-T ; C-G

Question 56

The nitrogenous bases in DNA are held together by

Answer 56

Weak hydrogen bonds

Question 57

RNA typically has how many strands?

Answer 57

One strand

Question 58

A copy of ??? contains the code for a protein

Answer 58

Section of DNA

Question 59

The sugar for RNA is

Answer 59

Ribose

Question 60

The nitrogenous bases for RNA is:

Answer 60

AUGC Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, and Cytosine

Question 61

The nitrogenous bases for RNA go into 2 small groups. What are they?

Answer 61

Pyrimidines & Purines

Question 62

Pyrimidines are a ??? Ring structure and have which bases?

Answer 62

Single ring structure C and T

Question 63

Purines are a ??? Ring structure and have which bases?

Answer 63

Double ring structure G and A