Chapter 6 Vocabulary

Question 1

The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start

Answer 1

Activation Energy

Question 2

The specific region of an enzyme that binds the substance and that forms the pocket in which catalysis occurs

Answer 2

Active Site

Question 3

The binding of a regulatory molecule to a protein at one site that affects the function of the protein at a different site.

Answer 3

Allosteric Regulation

Question 4

A metabolic pathway that consumes energy to synthesize a complex molecule from simpler molecules

Answer 4

Anabolic Pathway

Question 5

A adenine containing nuceloside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic rxns in cells.

Answer 5

ATP

Question 6

The overall flow & transformation of energy in an organism. Also known as the study of this.

Answer 6

Bioenergetics

Question 7

A metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler ones.

Answer 7

Catabolic pathway

Question 8

A chemical agent that selectively increases the rate of a rxn without being consumed by the rxn

Answer 8

Catalyst

Question 9

Energy available in molecules for release in a chemical rxn. A form of potential energy.

Answer 9

Chemical Energy

Question 10

An organic molecule serving as a cofactor, most vitamins function as coenzymes in metabolic rxns..

Answer 10

Coenzyme

Question 11

Any non protein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. Can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely & reversibly along with the substrate during catalysis

Answer 11

Cofactor

Question 12

A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate, whose structure it mimics.

Answer 12

Competitive Inhibitor

Question 13

A non spontaneous chemical rxn, in which free energy is absorbed from surroundings.

Answer 13

Endergonic Reaction

Question 14

The capacity to cause change, especially to do work

Answer 14

Energy

Question 15

In cellular metabolism, the use of energy released from an exergonic rxn to drive an endergonic rxn

Answer 15

Energy Coupling

Question 16

A measure of disorder

Answer 16

Entropy

Question 17

A macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that increases the rate of a rxn without being cosumed by it

Answer 17

Enzyme

Question 18

A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to is substrate molecules.

Answer 18

Enzyme Substrate Complex

Question 19

A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy

Answer 19

Exergonic rxn

Question 20

A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway

Answer 20

Feedback Inhibition

Question 21

The principle of conservation of energy: Energy can be transferred & transformed, but it cannot be created nor destroyed

Answer 21

First Law of Thermodynamics

Question 22

Thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another

Answer 22

Heat

Question 23

Caused by entry of the substrate, the change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate.

Answer 23

Induced Fit

Question 24

The energy associated with the relative motion of objects. Moving mater can perform work by imparting motion to other matter.

Answer 24

Kinetic Energy

Question 25

A series of chemical reactions that either builds a complex molecule (anabolic pathway) or breaks down a complex molecule to simpler molecules (catabolic pathway).

Answer 25

Metabolic Pathway

Question 26

The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions, consisting of catabolic and anabolic pathways, which manage the material and energy resources of the organism.

Answer 26

Metabolism

Question 27

A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site, changing the enzyme’s shape so that the active site no longer effectively catalyzes the conversion of substrate to product.

Answer 27

Noncompetetive Inhibitor

Question 28

The reactant on which an enzyme work.

Answer 28

Susbstrate

Question 29

The energy that matter possesses as a result of its location or spatial arrangement (structure).

Answer 29

Potential Energy

Question 30

Principle stating that every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.

Answer 30

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Question 31

A process that occurs without an overall input of energy; a process that is energetically favorable.

Answer 31

Spontaneous Process

Question 32

Kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms and molecules; energy in its most random form. *See also: heat

Answer 32

Thermal Energy

Question 33

The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. *See also: first law of thermodynamics, second law of thermodynamics

Answer 33

Thermodynamics