Chapter 6 Vocabulary Flashcards
The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start
Activation Energy
The specific region of an enzyme that binds the substance and that forms the pocket in which catalysis occurs
Active Site
The binding of a regulatory molecule to a protein at one site that affects the function of the protein at a different site.
Allosteric Regulation
A metabolic pathway that consumes energy to synthesize a complex molecule from simpler molecules
Anabolic Pathway
A adenine containing nuceloside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic rxns in cells.
ATP
The overall flow & transformation of energy in an organism. Also known as the study of this.
Bioenergetics
A metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler ones.
Catabolic pathway
A chemical agent that selectively increases the rate of a rxn without being consumed by the rxn
Catalyst
Energy available in molecules for release in a chemical rxn. A form of potential energy.
Chemical Energy
An organic molecule serving as a cofactor, most vitamins function as coenzymes in metabolic rxns..
Coenzyme
Any non protein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. Can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely & reversibly along with the substrate during catalysis
Cofactor
A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate, whose structure it mimics.
Competitive Inhibitor
A non spontaneous chemical rxn, in which free energy is absorbed from surroundings.
Endergonic Reaction
The capacity to cause change, especially to do work
Energy
In cellular metabolism, the use of energy released from an exergonic rxn to drive an endergonic rxn
Energy Coupling
A measure of disorder
Entropy
A macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that increases the rate of a rxn without being cosumed by it
Enzyme
A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to is substrate molecules.
Enzyme Substrate Complex
A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy
Exergonic rxn
A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway
Feedback Inhibition
The principle of conservation of energy: Energy can be transferred & transformed, but it cannot be created nor destroyed
First Law of Thermodynamics
Thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another
Heat
Caused by entry of the substrate, the change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate.
Induced Fit
The energy associated with the relative motion of objects. Moving mater can perform work by imparting motion to other matter.
Kinetic Energy
A series of chemical reactions that either builds a complex molecule (anabolic pathway) or breaks down a complex molecule to simpler molecules (catabolic pathway).
Metabolic Pathway
The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions, consisting of catabolic and anabolic pathways, which manage the material and energy resources of the organism.
Metabolism
A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site, changing the enzyme’s shape so that the active site no longer effectively catalyzes the conversion of substrate to product.
Noncompetetive Inhibitor
The reactant on which an enzyme work.
Susbstrate
The energy that matter possesses as a result of its location or spatial arrangement (structure).
Potential Energy
Principle stating that every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
A process that occurs without an overall input of energy; a process that is energetically favorable.
Spontaneous Process
Kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms and molecules; energy in its most random form. *See also: heat
Thermal Energy
The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. *See also: first law of thermodynamics, second law of thermodynamics
Thermodynamics
