Chapter 4 Tour Of The Cell Vocabulary

Question 1

The disruption of a cell and separation of its parts by centrifugation at successively higher speeds.

Answer 1

Cell Fractionation

Question 2

A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in cells of plants, prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists.

Answer 2

Cell Wall

Question 3

In a mature plant cell, in a large membranous sac with diverse roles in growth, storage, and sequestration of toxic substances.

Answer 3

Central Vacuole

Question 4

A structure in the centrosome of an animal cell composed of a cylinder of microtubule triplets arranged in a 9+0 pattern.

Answer 4

Centriole

Question 5

An organelle found in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.

Answer 5

Chloroplast

Question 6

The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes.

Answer 6

Chromatin

Question 7

A cellular structure consisting of one DNA molecule and associated with protein molecules.

Answer 7

Chromosome

Question 8

A short appendage containing microtubes in eukaryotic cells.

Answer 8

Cilium

Question 9

A membranous sac that helps move water out of certain freshwater proteins.

Answer 9

Contractile vaculoe

Question 10

An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

Answer 10

Crista

Question 11

The contents of the cell enclosed by the plasma membrane.

Answer 11

Cytoplasm

Question 12

A network of microtubes, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that extends throughout the cytoplasm and serves a variety of mechanical, transport, and signaling functions.

Answer 12

Cytoskeleton

Question 13

The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.

Answer 13

Cytosol

Question 14

A microscope that uses magnets to focus an electron beam on or through a specimen, resulting in a practical resolution of 100-fold or greater than that of a light microscope using standard techniques.

Answer 14

Electron Microscope (EM)

Question 15

The collection of membranes inside and surrounding a eukaryotic cell, relate either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesticles.

Answer 15

Endomembrane System

Question 16

An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome studded and ribosome free regions.

Answer 16

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles.

Answer 17

Eukarytoic Cells

Question 18

A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion.

Answer 18

Flagellum

Question 19

A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis of microorganisms or particles to be used as food by the cell.

Answer 19

Food vacuole

Question 20

A protein with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates.

Answer 20

Glycoprotein

Question 21

An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the endoplasmic reticulm and synthesize some products, notably noncellulose carbs.

Answer 21

Golgi Apparatus

Question 22

A stack of membrane-bounded thylakoids in the chloroplast.

Answer 22

Granum

Question 23

A component of the cytoskeleton that includes filaments intermediate in size between microtubes and microfilaments.

Answer 23

Intermediate filament

Question 24

An optical instrument with lenses that refract visible light to magnify images of specimens.

Answer 24

Light microscope

Question 25

A membrane enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of animal cells and some protists.

Answer 25

Lysosome

Question 26

A cable composed of actin proteins in the cytoplasm of almost every eukaryotic cells, making up part of the cytoskeleton and acting alone or with myosin to cause cell contraction.

Answer 26

Microfilament

Question 27

The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle, as well as ribosomes and DNA.

Answer 27

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 28

An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration; uses oxygen to break down organic molecules and synthesize ATP.

Answer 28

Mitochondrion

Question 29

In a eukaryotic cell, the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, perforated with pores that regulate traffic with the cytoplasm. The outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 29

Nuclear envelope

Question 30

A non-membrane-enclosed region in a prokaryotic cell where its chromosome is located.

Answer 30

Nucleoid

Question 31

A specialized structure in the nucleus consisting of chromosomal regions containing ribosomal proteins imported from the cytoplasm; site of rRNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly.

Answer 31

Nucleolus

Question 32

(1). An atom’s central core, containing protons and neutrons. (2). The organelle of a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes, made up of chromatin. (3). A cluster of neutrons.

Answer 32

Nucleus

Question 33

Any of several kinds of membrane-enclosed structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cystosol o eukayotic cells.

Answer 33

Organelle

Question 34

An organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen atoms from various substrates to oxygen (O2), producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

Answer 34

Peroxisome

Question 35

A type o endocytosis in which large particulate substances or small organisms are taken up by a cell. it is carried out by some protists and by certain immune cells of animals (in mammals, mainly macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells.)

Answer 35

Phagocytosis

Question 36

The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, regulating the cell’s chemical composition.

Answer 36

Plasma membrane

Question 37

A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with prokaryotic cells (bacteria and arcaea) are called prokaryotes.

Answer 37

Prokaryotic cell

Question 38

A complex of rRNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of a large subunit and a small subunit. In eukaryotic cells, each subunit is assembled in the nucleolus.

Answer 38

Ribosome

Question 39

That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached.

Answer 39

Rough ER

Question 40

A microscope that uses an electron beam to scan the surface of a sample, coated with metal atoms, to study details of its topography.

Answer 40

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Question 41

That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.

Answer 41

Smooth ER

Question 42

The dense fluid within the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane and containing ribosomes and DNA; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.

Answer 42

Stroma

Question 43

A flattened, membranous sac inside a chloroplast. Thylakoid often exist in stacks called grana that are that are interconnected; their membranes contain molecular “machinery” used to convert light energy to chemical energy.

Answer 43

Thylakoid

Question 44

A microscope that passes an electron beam through very thin sections stained with metal atoms and is primarily used to study the internal ultrastructure of cells.

Answer 44

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Question 45

A small membranous sac in a eukaryotic cell’s cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell.

Answer 45

Transport vesicle

Question 46

A membranous sac in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.

Answer 46

Vesicle