Chapter 13 Vocab

Question 1

Antiparallel

Answer 1

The arrangement of the sugar phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix. Runs from 5 prime to 3 prime direction.

Question 2

Bacteriophage

Answer 2

A virus that only infects bacteria

Question 3

Chromatin

Answer 3

The material of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes.

Question 4

DNA Ligase

Answer 4

Linking enzyme that catalyzes the covalent bond of the 3 end of one DNA fragment to the 5 end of another.

Question 5

DNA Polymerase

Answer 5

Enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA by adding nucleotides to the 3 end of a chain.

Question 6

DNA replication

Answer 6

When a DNA molecule is copied

Question 7

Double helix

Answer 7

Form of DNA. Two adjacent antiparallel polynucleotide strands would into spiral.

Question 8

Helicase

Answer 8

An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the forks.

Question 9

Lagging Strand

Answer 9

A DNA strand that enlongates with Okazaki fragments. Synthesized in a 5 to 3 direction, away from the replication fork.

Question 10

Leading strand

Answer 10

The new DNA strand that is synthesized continuously, moving towards the replication fork in the 5 to 3 direction.

Question 11

Mismatch repair

Answer 11

The process that uses specific enzymes to remove and replace incorrectly paired nucleotides.

Question 12

Nuclease

Answer 12

An enzyme that cuts DNA or RNA by removing one or few bases or hydrolyzing the DNA or RNA completely into its component nucleotides.

Question 13

Nucleoid

Answer 13

A non membrane enclosed region in a prokaryotic cell where its chromosome is located.

Question 14

Nucleotide excision repair

Answer 14

A repair system that removes and replaces a damaged segment of DNA.

Question 15

Okazaki Fragment

Answer 15

Short segment of DNA synthesized away from replication fork during replication. Segments are joined together to make up lagging strand.

Question 16

origin of replication

Answer 16

Where replication of DNA begins.

Question 17

Phage

Answer 17

A virus that infects bacteria.

Question 18

Primase

Answer 18

An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make a primer during DNA replication.

Question 19

Primer

Answer 19

A short stretch of RNA with a free 3 end bound by complementary base pairing to the template strand and enlongated with DNA nucleotides during replication.

Question 20

Replication fork

Answer 20

A Y shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where the strands are being split.

Question 21

semiconservative model

Answer 21

Type of DNA replication where the replicated double helix consists of one old strand and a newly made one.

Question 22

Single strand binding protein

Answer 22

A protein that binds to the unpaired DNA strands during DNA replication, and keeps them from coming together again.

Question 23

Telomere

Answer 23

Repetitive DNA at the end of a eukaryotic chromosomes DNA molecule.

Question 24

Topoisomerase

Answer 24

A protein that brakes, swivels, and rejoins DNA strands. Stays ahead of the fork and helps relieve strain

Question 25

Transformation

Answer 25

When a cell in culutre acquires the ability to divide indefinitley, similar to division of cancer cells.

Question 26

Virus

Answer 26

An infectious particle incapable of replicating outside of a cell.