Chapter 9.3 Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards
Mitosis or Meiosis?
Two divisions happen
Meiosis
Mitosis or Meiosis?
Four daughter cells are produced
Meiosis
Mitosis or Meiosis?
Associated with growth and asexual reproduction
Mitosis
Mitosis or Meiosis?
One division only
Mitosis
Mitosis or Meiosis?
Crossing over between homologous chromosomes may occur
Meiosis
Mitosis or Meiosis?
Daughter cells are identical to parent cell
Mitosis
Mitosis or Meiosis?
Produces gametes
Meiosis
Mitosis or Meiosis?
Produces haploid
Meiosis
Mitosis or Meiosis?
Produces cells with two sets of chromosomes
Mitosis
Mitosis or Meiosis?
Produces cells with one set of chromosomes
Meiosis
Mitosis or Meiosis
Produces diploid
Mitosis
Mitosis or Meiosis
Produces egg or sperm cell
Meiosis
Mitosis or Meiosis
In humans, produces cells with 23 chromosomes
Meiosis
Mitosis or Meiosis
In humans, produces cells with 46 chromosomes
Mitosis
Mitosis or Meiosis
Tetrads are visible
Meiosis
These structures are protein fibers that extend from the chromosomes at the centromere
Kinetochore
These structures are responsible for elongating the cell during Anaphase.
Non-kinetochore microtubules
What are 3 mechanisms that contribute to genetic variation?
Crossing over
Independent Assortment
Random fertilization
What are the phases of Mitosis?
(IPPMAT) Interphase Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
What are the phases of Meiosis?
Interphase Prophase 1 Metaphase 1 Anaphase 1 Telophase and Cytokinesis 1 Prophase 2 Metaphase 2 Anaphase 2 Telophase and Cytokinesis 2
What are the checkpoints in the cell cycle?
G1, G0, G2, M phase
What is the most important checkpoint?
G1 because if it receives the go ahead it will usually complete S, G2, M and divide
Metastasis
The spread of cancer via the circulatory system
What are hereditary units?
Genes
What is a fertilized egg called?
Zygote
Union of gametes
Fertilization
A cell that contains a single chromosome set
Haploid
What is a somatic cell
A body cell
What cell division produces gametes?
Meiosis
Karyotype
A micrograph of an ordered display of an individuals chromosomes (usually shown in labs)
Sex chromosomes are:
X and Y chromosomes
Which mitotic phase does this occur at? Nucleoli disappear Chromosomes are sister chromatids now Nucleolus disappears Centrosomes move to opposite sides
Prophase
Which mitotic phase does this occur at?
DNA is chromatin
Nuclear envelope and nucleolus are intact
No spindle formed
Interphase
Which mitotic phase does this occur at?
Nuclear envelope is completely gone
Mitotic spindle extends out
Chromosomes now have kinetochores at centromeres
Prometaphase
Which mitotic phase does this occur at?
Mitotic spindle fully formed
Chromosomes line up along plate
Kinetochore microtubules attach to centromeres of chromosomes
Metaphase
Which mitotic phase does this occur at?
Sister chromatids move away and split
Now theres 8 chromosomes
NON kinetochores push apart to extend cell
Anaphase
Which mitotic phase does this occur at? 2 nuclei form Cell begins to have cleavage Nuclear envelope and Nucleolus appears Chromosomes decondense into chromatin again Mitosis is complete
Telophase
What is synapsis?
In Meiosis when homologous chromosomes wrap around each other
What is a tetrad?
Pairs of homologous chromosomes
Which Meiosis phase does this occur at? Chromatin present Nucleolus and Nucleus intact Centromeres duplicated but not separated DNA synthesis occurs
Interphase
Which Meiosis phase does this occur at?
Synapsis occurs
Crossing over occurs
Spindle forms
Prophase 1
Which Meiosis phase does this occur at?
Tetrads line up along metaphase plate
Metaphase 1
Which Meiosis phase does this occur at?
Pairs of homologous chromosomes begin to separate
Anaphase 1
Which Meiosis phase does this occur at?
2 haploid cells form
Chromosomes are still double but sister chromatids are not identical
Telophase 1 and cytokinesis
Which Meiosis phase does this occur at?
Chromosomes consist of 2 sister chromatids that are not identical
Spindle forms
Prophase 2
Which Meiosis phase does this occur at?
Chromosomes line up again at the metaphase plate
Metaphase 2
Which Meiosis phase does this occur at?
Sister chromatids separate and travel to poles of cell
Anaphase 2
Which Meiosis phase does this occur at? Nuclei form Cytokinesis occurs Result is 4 haploid daughter cells Each cll is unique and unalike from one another an parent
Telophase and Cytokinesis 2
