M9 Flashcards
Genetics
Study of heredity
Heredity
Transmission of traits from one generation to another
Blending Inheritance
Offsprings are a blend of their parents. (Not completely true)
Gregor Mendal
Father of modern genetics, studied peas
Pea Characteristics
Self-Fertilize, true-breeding= no cross-pollination
Mature in one season = many generations in a short time
Produce large quantities of offsprings->reduce change results
Monohybrid cross
2 individuals identical except for one trait
P Generation
Parent Generation
F1 Generation
First filial Generation
F2 Generation
Second filial generation
What types of cross did Mendel preform
Recipricol Cross
What did Mendal concluded from his experiments
Characteristics have expressed and latent traits
Dominant allele
An allele that if present will always be expressed
Recessive Allele
Only expressed when no dominant allele is present
Heterozygote
2 different alleles
Homozygote
2 same alleles
Homozygote dominant
2 dominant alleles
Homozygote recessive
2 recessive alleles
Genotype
genetic composition
Phenotype
Physical appearance
Law of Dominance
one trait will cancel another in a heterozygote
Punnent Square
predicts/visualizes all possible outcomes from a hybridization
Law of Segregation
2 alleles for each gene separate randomly, but equally into the 4 gametes
Law of independent assortment
Genes do not influence each other while sorting into gametes
Dyhybrid cross
2 Identical individuals except for 2 traits
Incomplete Dominance
Offspring with blended/intermediate phenotype
Codominance
both alleles expressed simultaneously
Multiple Alleles
2+ alleles can exist in a population even though individuals only have 2
Wild Type
most common phenotype in a population
Sex-Linked Traits
traits that are influenced by genes in the sex chromosomes
Linkage
genes that are located physically close together on same chromosomes are more likely to be inherited as a pair
Epistasis
One gene modifying the expression of another gene
