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BIOSC-101 E2 > M4 > Flashcards

M4 Flashcards

1
Q

Magnification

A

Degree of enlargement

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2
Q

Resolving power/Resolution

A

Detail and Clarity

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3
Q

Light Microscope

A

Uses light from below, inexpensive, observe living organisms, Thin samples only, Not very powerful

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4
Q

Dissecting microscope

A

Thick objects, 3D view, low magnification.

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5
Q

Electron microscope

A

high magnification and resolving power, No living samples

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6
Q

Scanning electron microscope

A

e beam moves across the cell surface, and observes surface structure.

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7
Q

Transmission e microscope

A

e- beamed through sample, gets internal structure

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8
Q

Robert Hooke

A

termed “cells” in 1670’s

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9
Q

Antonie van leevwhenhoek

A

Lens hobbyist, Discovered several bacteria in 1670’s, Considered Father of microbiology

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10
Q

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwan

A

Botanist and zoologist, unified cell theory, 1830’s

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11
Q

Unifed cell theory states

A

1) All living things are made of cells, 2)cell is the basic unit of life, 3)new cells come from existing cells.

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12
Q

prokaryotic cells

A

simple unicellular, or nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Dna located in nucleoid

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13
Q

Eukaryotic Cells

A

Unicellular or multicellular, Has nucleus + membrane-bound organelles, DNA located within nucleus, larger than prokaryotic cells, animal and plant cells.

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14
Q

Form Follows Function (FFF)

A

structure relation to function

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15
Q

Plasma membrane (PA)

A

Separate internal organelle contents from the outside environment. Regulates passage of substances, phospholipid bilayer(PLB)

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16
Q

Cytoplasm

A

contents of the cell between membrane and nucleus

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17
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Collection of filaments that provide structure and movement for cell. Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments, Microtubules

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18
Q

Microfilaments

A

Thinnest, Used for cell division and Muscle contraction

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19
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Cell shape and Anchor organelles in place

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20
Q

Microtubules

A

Thickest, organelle movement, Cell division, Centrosome

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21
Q

Endomembrane System

A

collection of membrane and organelles involved in protein synthesis, 8 structures

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22
Q

Nucleus

A

organelle that contains DNA (Chromotin), Synthesize ribosomes (nucleolus)

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23
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

membrane that surrounds nucleus, PLB

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24
Q

Ribosome

A

organelle for protien synthesis

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25
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

A

organelle for portien synthesis and phospholipid synthesis

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26
Q

Smooth ER

A

organelle for synthesis of carbs, lipid, and steroid horomones

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27
Q

Golgi Apparatus GA

A

organelle for sorting, tag, package, ship lipids and protiens

28
Q

Vesicles

A

Organelle for storage + transport

29
Q

Vacuole

A

large vesicle

30
Q

Lysosome

A

Type of Vesicle to break down materials

31
Q

Mitochondria

A

Synthesizes ATP(energy carrying molecules), powerhouse of the cell

32
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

material secreted from cell, Holds cells together(tissue), cell communication, protection

33
Q

Intercellular Junctions IJ

A

When contact is made btwn cells, Plasmodesmata(plant cells)

34
Q

Tight Junction

A

Water tight seal

35
Q

Gap Junction

A

material transport

36
Q

Desmosome

A

allows for cells to slide against each other

37
Q

Plant cells specific

A

Cell Wall, Central vacuole, chloroplast

38
Q

Animal cell-specific

A

Centriole, centrosome, lysosome

39
Q

Cell Wall

A

Structure external to cell membrane, rigid, protection, cellulose

40
Q

Chloroplast

A

organelle where photosynthesis occurs

41
Q

Central Vacuole

A

fluid-filled organelle, provides outward pressure

42
Q

autotroph

A

organism that makes own food, plant photosynthesis

43
Q

Heterotroph

A

Animals that eat other organisms for food

44
Q

Cell Membrane CM

A

encloses cell, Flexible, controls passage of materials, Receptors + Protiens embedded in membrane

45
Q

Fluid Mosaic Model

A

CM is mosaic of components that flow and change position

46
Q

Membrane Transport

A

movement across CM, Selectively permeable (semi-permeable)

47
Q

Passive Transport PT

A

does not require/use energy. Transport via diffusion (spread). High concentration to Low concentration

48
Q

Cocentration gradient

A

Area of High concentration to low concentration

49
Q

Affectors of Rate of diffusion

A

The extent of concen gradient (Faster at high concen), Ambient Temperature (Hot has higher diffusion), Diffusion medium(gas has higher diffusion), Mass of molecules diffusing.

50
Q

Facilitated transport

A

PT assisted by protien

51
Q

Osmosis

A

diffusion across semipermeable membrane based on water concentration gradient, Water POV

52
Q

osmolarity

A

total amount of solution per 1 liter of solution

53
Q

tonicity

A

The capability of a solution to modify the volume of cells by change in water content.

54
Q

Hypotonic

A

extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity than inside-cell

55
Q

Hypertonic

A

more concentration outside cell

56
Q

Lysis

A

cell death too much water

57
Q

crenation

A

too little water = shrivel cell

58
Q

Isotonic

A

Same osmolarity inside and outside, no net movement

59
Q

Electrical gradient

A

Gradient resulting from ions moving in/out of cell

60
Q

Electrochemical gradient

A

Combined gradient (electrical + concentration) that attracts an ion

61
Q

Active Transport (AT)

A

Requires/uses energy 3 types

62
Q

Primary AT

A

uses ATP, move ions across a membrane + creates a diff in charge across membrane

63
Q

Secondary AT

A

Uses energy from primary AT to move materials across the membrane

64
Q

Endocytosis

A

moves fluid/other particles into the cell

65
Q

Phoshocytosis

A

solutes into cell

66
Q

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

, Specific substances using binding proteins to move into cell

67
Q

Exocytosis

A

process of expelling materials from cell

BIOSC-101 E2 (9 decks)

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