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BIOSC-101 E2 > M5 > Flashcards

M5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Bioenergetics

A

Flow of energy through living system

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2
Q

Living system

A

need energy to build/break down molecules

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3
Q

Metabolism

A

chemcial reactions in cell

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4
Q

anabolic

A

small to large molecules energy required

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5
Q

catabolic

A

large to small molecules energy released

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6
Q

Metabolic pathway

A

Series of chemical reactions that take starting molecules to final product

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7
Q

Glucose

A

The primary energy source for many living things

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8
Q

Energy

A

Ability to do work or create change

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9
Q

Thermodynamics

A

study of energy and energy transfer

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10
Q

Open system

A

matter and energy transfer btwn surrounding

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11
Q

Closed system

A

only energy exchanged, not matter to surroudings

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12
Q

Scientific Laws

A

Describe what will happen in a situation, demonstrated mathematically

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13
Q

1st Law of Thermodynamics

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred or transmitted

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14
Q

Entropy

A

measure of randomness and disorder in a system, lowering energy requires energy

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15
Q

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, entropy is always increasing

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16
Q

Types of Energy

A

Kinetic, Potential, Activation, Free

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17
Q

Kinetic

A

Energy associated with an object in motion

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18
Q

Potential

A

energy associated with the potential to do work, chemical bonds have potential energy

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19
Q

Activation energy

A

Amount of initial energy required to start a reaction

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20
Q

Free energy

A

Energy available to do work, Delta G = change in true energy

21
Q

Exergonic reaction

A

energy released, spontaneous

22
Q

Endergonic reaction

A

energy required, not spontaneous,

23
Q

ATP ( adenosine triphosphate)

A

energy-supplying molecules, adenosine-ribose-3 phosphate

24
Q

Enzymes

A

molecules that catalyze reactions, lower activation energy needed, not used up in reactions, but not unlimited, Made by protein, Vary by cell type and cell function, vary over time, regulated via inhibitor molecules

25
Q

substrate

A

reactants bonding with enzymes a the active site to enzymes

26
Q

non-competitive/allosteric inhibitor

A

inhibitor bind at allosteric site which changes the active site

27
Q

Allosteric actavators

A

Binds at allosteric site which activates enzymes by changing the active site

28
Q

Cofactors

A

nonorganic ions

29
Q

Coenzymes

A

organic molecules

30
Q

Feedback inhibition

A

reaction product used to regulate it’s own further production

31
Q

Cellular respiration(CR)

A

metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose to produce energy (ATP)

32
Q

What are the stages in cellular respiration(CR)

A

Glycolysis, Citric Acid cycle(Krebs cycle)

33
Q

Glycolysis

A

Break down 1 glucose and 2 atp into 2 pyruvate and 4 atp

34
Q

Citric Acid Cycle

A

produces intermeidate mats

35
Q

What is the input and output for the pre-step

A

Input is pyruvate and output is Acetyl CoA, when moved into mitocondria

36
Q

Input and outputs of Krebs cycle

A

inputs acetyl CoA, outputs CO2, ATP, Electrons

37
Q

What is the third step in cellular respiration

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

38
Q

Which step in CR is the main ATP producer

A

The third step: oxidative phosphorylation

39
Q

What is the first stage of oxidative phosphorylation and its inputs and outputs

A

Electron transport chain, inputs, electron, outputs: H+

40
Q

What is the second stage of oxidative phosphorylation, and its inputs and outputs

A

Chemiosmosis, Outputs: water and ATP

41
Q

What is the final electron acceptor in Cellular Respiration

A

Oxygen

41
Q

Fermentation

A

No oxygen, organic molecule used as final electron acceptor

42
Q

Lactic Acid fermentation

A

Animals, Some bacteria and fungi

43
Q

Alcohol fermentation

A

produces ethanol and CO2, plants, Bacteria, fungi

44
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

no oxy + inorganic molecule used as final electron acceptor

45
Q

Methanogens

A

CO2-> methane to regenorate NADH. Domain: Archae

46
Q

Sulfer reducers

A

reduce sulfate -> hydrogen sulfide to regenerate NAD+

47
Q

Facultative anaerobic

A

Switch between fermation and aerobic

48
Q

Obligate anaerobic

A

Oxygen is poison

BIOSC-101 E2 (9 decks)

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